پاسخ ژنوتیپ‌های گندم نان زمستانه (Triticum aestivum L.) دیم به کود نیتروژنی در شرایط آبیاری تکمیلی

پژوهشهای زراعی ایران

دوره 19، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 64، دی 1400، صفحه 391-406   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jcesc.2021.71401.1066

نویسندگان

ولی فیضی اصل^* ؛ جعفر جعفرزاده؛ مظفر روستایی

موسسه تحقیقات کشاورزی دیم کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مراغه، ایران

چکیده

به‌‌منظور ارزیابی پاسخ ارقام و لاین‌های پیشرفته گندم دیم به مصرف نیتروژن در شرایط آبیاری تکمیلی، آزمایشی در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی و به‌صورت کرت‌های سه بار خردشده با دو سطح آبیاری 50 میلی‌متر در پاییز و 50 میلی‌متر در پاییز + 30 میلی‌متر در مرحله تورم غلاف برگ پرچم، دو زمان مصرف نیتروژن (کل در پاییز و 3/2 در پاییز و 3/1 هم‌زمان با آبیاری تکمیلی)، با 4 سطح نیتروژن (0، 40، 80 و 120 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و سه ژنوتیپ تک‌آب، هور و Gen3 دو سال زراعی 99-1397 در موسسه تحقیقات کشاورزی دیم (مراغه) اجرا شد. در این پژوهش عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد، کارایی استفاده از نیتروژن و آب و ویژگی‌های کیفی دانه اندازه‌گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد، عملکرد سال اول اجرای آزمایش به دلیل بارندگی بیشتر به‌طور معنی‌داری (P≤0.05) نسبت به سال دوم افزایش داشت. انجام دو مرحله آبیاری تکمیلی عملکرد بیولوژیک، دانه و کاه را به‌ترتیب 38، 31 و 41 درصد افزایش داد که این افزایش از لحاظ آماری معنی‌دار بود. زمان مصرف پاییزی و تقسیطی نیتروژن روی عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد اثر معنی‌داری نداشت اما مصرف پاییزی نیتروژن باعث افزایش 195 کیلوگرم در هکتار عملکرد دانه و افزایش کارایی استفاده از نیتروژن و آب شد. نیاز نیتروژنی گندم دیم با 50 میلی‌متر آبیاری 70 کیلوگرم در هکتار به‌صورت جای‌گذاری در زیر بستر بذر هم‌زمان با کاشت و برای 80 میلی‌متر آبیاری، 90 کیلوگرم در هکتار نیتروژن که 3/2 سوم آن در پاییز و 3/1 هم‌زمان با آبیاری تکمیلی در مرحله تورم غلاف برگ پرچم تعیین شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

اجزای عملکرد؛ کارایی استفاده از آب؛ کارایی استفاده از نیتروژن

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