بررسی تنوع مورفولوژیکی و ارزیابی عملکرد لاین‌های گوجه‌فرنگی با استفاده از تجزیه‌ آماری چند متغیره

علوم باغبانی

مقاله 7، دوره 36، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 54، شهریور 1401، صفحه 415-427   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jhs.2021.70173.1048

نویسندگان

ساسان گل چشمه¹؛ غفار کیانی^{* 2}؛ سیدکمال کاظمی تبار³؛ سعید نواب پور⁴

¹گروه اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده علوم زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران.

²گروه اصلاح نباتات، رشته اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده علوم زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری

³گروه اصلاح نباتات، رشته اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده علوم زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران

⁴گروه اصلاح نباتات و بیوتکنولوژی، رشته اصلاح نباتات (بیولوژی مولکولی)، دانشکده تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی

چکیده

گوجه‌فرنگی محصولی با طیف وسیعی از ژنوتیپ‌ها با عملکردهای متفاوت است و گزینش بر اساس صفت عملکرد و اجزای آن می‌تواند به برنامه‌های اصلاحی این گیاه سرعت ببخشد. در پژوهش حاضر به‌منظور ارزیابی عملکرد و اجزای آن روی 25 لاین گوجه‌فرنگی، آزمایشی در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. صفات شامل تعداد روز تا گلدهی، تعداد روز از جوانه‌زنی تا اولین رنگ‌گیری میوه (زودرسی)، ارتفاع بوته (سانتی­متر)، تعداد میوه در بوته، وزن میوه در بوته (گرم)، عملکرد میوه در بوته (گرم)، طول و عرض میوه (سانتی‌متر) بودند. نتایج تجزیه واریانس نشان داد در میان تمامی لاین‌ها تفاوت معنی‌داری از نظر صفات مورد بررسی وجود دارد. همچنین تجزیه به مولفه‌های اصلی نیز بر اساس صفات مورفولوژیک نشان داد که دو مولفه اصلی اول، در مجموع 75 درصد از تنوع فنوتیپی کل در بین داده‌ها را توجیه کردند و صفات تعداد روز از جوانه‌زنی تا اولین رنگ‌گیری میوه (606/0-)، تعداد روز تاگلدهی (516/0-)، وزن میوه در بوته (492/0)، عرض میوه (480/0)، طول میوه (472/0)، ارتفاع بوته (445/0-)، عملکرد میوه در بوته (395/0) و تعداد میوه در بوته (367/0-) بیش‌ترین سهم را در تغییرات عملکرد داشتند. همچنین تجزیه خوشه‌ای به‌روش UPGMA نیز لاین‌های مورد مطالعه را در نه گروه قرار داد و لاین‌های گروه IX از نظر صفات عملکرد و اجزای آن، لاین‌های گروه VIII از نظر زودرسی و گلدهی و لاین‌های گروه IV از نظر تعداد میوه در بوته در وضعیت مطلوبی قرار داشتند و لاین‌های موجود در گروه‌های I و V نیز برای تمامی صفات در وضعیت متوسطی بودند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

تجزیه به مولفه‌های اصلی؛ تجزیه خوشه‌ای؛ تجزیه واریانس؛ تنوع ژنتیکی؛ همبستگی

مراجع

1. Abebe Z., Tola Y.B., and Mohammed A. 2017. Effects of edible coating materials and stages of maturity at harvest on storage life and quality of tomato (Lycopersicon Esculentum) fruits. African Journal of Agricultural Research 12(8): 550-565. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJAR2016.11648.
2. Abedini S., MohammadiNejad G., and Nakhoda B. 2016. Evaluation of agronomics traits and yield potential diversity inbreed wheat inbred lines Triticum aestivum derived from Roshan×Falat cultivar. Journal of Crop Breeding 8(20): 1-10 (In Persian with English abstract)
3. Agong S.G., Schittenhelm S., and Friedt W. 2001. Genotypic variation of Kenyan tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) germplasm. The Journal of Food Technology in Africa 6(1): 13-17. https://doi.org/10.4314/jfta.v6i1.19277.
4. Ahmadizadeh M., and Felenji H. 2011. Evaluation diversity among potato cultivars using agro-morphological and yield components in fall cultivation of Jiroft area. American Eurasian Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Science 11(5): 655-662.
5. Al-Aysh F., Kutma H., Al-Zouabi A., Muhammad S.H., and Ibn-Ishak M.B. 2012. Genetic variation, heritability and interrelationships of some important characteristics in Syrian tomato landraces (Solanum lycopersicum). Acad. Arena 4(10): 1-5.
6. Alves F.R.R., Lira B.S., Pikart F.C., Monteiro S.S., Furlan C.M., Purgatto E., Pascoal G.B., Cristina-da-Silva-Andrade S., Demarco D., Rossi M., and Freschi L. 2020. Beyond the limits of photoperception: constitutively active PHYTOCHROME B2 overexpression as a means of improving fruit nutritional quality in tomato. Plant Biotechnology Journal 18(2020): 2027–2041. https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.13362.
7. Amini Z., Hosseini S.M., Ali-Mohammadi M., Sisakhti A., and Eskandari A. 2013. Adaptability of tomato cultivars with short growing period and determination of suitable planting date in northern cold region of Fars province. Journal of Plant Ecophysiology 5(13): 27-38. (In Persian with English abstract)
8. Athinodorou F., Foukas P., Tsaniklidis G., Kotsiras A., Chrysargyris A., Delis C., Kyratzis A.C., Tzortzakis N., and Nikoloudakis, N. 2021. Morphological diversity, genetic characterization, and phytochemical assessment of the Cypriot Tomato germplasm. Plants 10(8): 1-24. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10081698.
9. Berry S.Z., and Uddin M.R. 1988. Effect of high temperature on fruit set in tomato cultivars and selected germplasm. Hortscience 23(3): 606-608.
10. Bhattarai K., Louws K.J., Williamson J.D., and Panthee D.R. 2016. Diversity analysis of tomato genotypes based on morphological traits with commercial breeding significance for fresh market production in eastern USA. Australian Journal of Crop Science 10(8): 1098-1103. https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.2016.10.08.p7391.
11. Cox M.S., Gerard P.D., Wardlaw M.C., and Abshire M.J. 2003. Variability of selected soil properties and their relationships with soybean yield. Soil Science Society of America Journal 67(4): 1296-1302. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2003.1296.
12. Engels J.M.M., Arora R.K., and Guarino L. 1995. An Introduction to Plant Germplasm Exploration and Collecting Planning Methods and Procedures, Follow-Up. p. 31-63. In: Guarino L., Ramanatha Rao V., Reid R. (eds) Collecting Plant Genetic Diversity: Technical Guidelines. CAB International, Wallingford, United Kingdom.
13. Feyissa G.F., and Bessie S. 2019. Major types of risk sources perceived by tomato producing smallholder farmers the case of Dugda district, east Shewa zone, Oromia, Ethiopia. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development 10(13): 9-17. https://doi.org/10.7176/JESD.
14. Foolad M.R. 2007. Genome mapping and molecular breeding of tomato. International journal of plant genomics 2007: 1– 52. https://doi.org/10.1155/2007/64358.
15. Ghorbanpour A., Salimi A., Tajick-Ghanbary M.A., Pirdashti H., and Dehestani A. 2018. Relationship between fruit yield and its components in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) cultivars using multivariate statistical methods. Journal of Crop Breeding 9(24): 22-29. (In Persian with English abstract) https://doi.org/10.29252/jcb.9.24.22.
16. Hannan M.M., Ahmed M.B., Roy U.K., Razvy M.A., Haydar A., Rahman M.A., Islam M.A., and Islam R. 2007. Heterosis, combining ability and genetics for Brix%, days to first fruit ripening and yield in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research 2(3): 128-131.
17. Hassan Z., Ul-Allah S., Khan A.A., Shahzad U., Khurshid M., Bakhsh A., Amin H., Jahan M.S., Rehim A., and Manzoor Z. 2021. Phenotypic characterization of exotic tomato germplasm: An excellent breeding resource. PLoS One 16(6): 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253557.
18. Henareh M., Dursun A., and Abdoullahi-Mandoulakani B. 2015. Genetic diversity in tomato landraces collected from turkey and Iran revealed by morphological characters. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum-Hortorum Cultus 14(2): 87-96.
19. Henareh M., Dursun A., and Abdollahi-Mandoulakani B. 2015. The Correlation between traits and path analysis of yield in tomato. Journal of Applied Crop Breeding 3(2): 163-175. (In Persian)
20. Hussain I., Aslam-Khan S., Ali A., Farid A., Ali N., Ali S., Masaud S., Hussain I., Azeem K., and Raza H. 2018. Genetic diversity among tomato accessions based on agro-morphological traits. Sains Malaysiana 47(11): 2637-2645. https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2018-4711-06.
21. Jiang P., and Telen K.D. 2004. Effect of soil and topographic properties on crop yield in a north-central corn-soybean cropping system. Agronomy Journal 96(1): 252-258. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2004.0252.
22. Jolliffe I.T. 1986. Principal Components in Regression Analysis. p. 129-155. In: Jolliffe I.T. (eds) Principal Component Analysis. Springer Series in Statistics. Springer, New York, NY.
23. Kaemmer D., Weising K., Beyermann B., Borner T., Epplen J.T., and Kahl G. 1995. Oliganucleotide fingerprinting of tomato DNA. Plant Breeding 114(1): 12-17. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1995.tb00751.x.
24. Khadivi-Khub A., Zamani Z., and Bouzari N. 2008. Evaluation of genetic diversity in some Iranian and foreign sweet cherry cultivars by using RAPD molecular markers and morphological traits. Horticulture Environment and Biotechnology 49(3): 188-196.
25. Khazaei H., and Zare-Feyzabadi A. 2013. Assessment of fruit yield and quality of tomato varieties in one and several times hand-harvesting. Seed and Plant Production 2(29): 235-249. (In Persian)
26. Kia-Mohammadi F., Abdousi V., Moradi P., Shafiei M.R., and Arab S. 2012. Evaluation of genetic diversity among some of Iranian chrysanthemum cultivar using morphological characteristics. Agronomy and Plant Breeding 8(4): 43-54. (In Persian)
27. Kumar N., Bhardwaj M.L., Sharma A., and Kumar N. 2017. Assessment of genetic divergence in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) through clustering and principal component analysis under Mid Hills conditions of Himachal Pradesh, India. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 6(5): 1811-1819. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.605.197.
28. Mahmoud A.M.A., and El-Eslamboly A.A.S.A. 2014. Genetic analysis to find suitable parents for development of cherry tomato hybrids under greenhouse conditions. Egyptian Journal of Plant Breeding 19(1): 55-70.
29. Mata-Nicolás E., Montero-Pau J., Gimeno-Paez E., Garcia-Carpintero V., Ziarsolo P., Menda N., Mueller L.A., Blanca J., Cañizares J., Van der Knaap E., and Díez M.J. 2020. Exploiting the diversity of Tomato: the development of a phenotypically and genetically detailed germplasm collection. Horticulture Research 66(7): 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-020-0291-7.
30. Mirshamsi-Kakhki A., Farsi M., Shahriari Ahmadi F., and Nemati H. 2008. Use of random amplified polymorphic DNA markers to estimate heterosis and combining ability in tomato hybrids. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 11(4): 499-507. https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2008.499.507.
31. Moghaddam M., Mohammadi A., and Aghaei-Sarbarzeh M. 1994. Introduction to Multivariate Statistical Methods. Science Vanguard Publishers, Tabriz, Iran. (In Persian)
32. Mohsenifard E., Farsi M., Nemati H., and Malekzade K. 2011. An SSR-based assessment of genetic diversity in 16 Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) lines and it’s correlation with heterosis. Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science 42(2): 185-192. (In Persian)
33. Nikoumanesh K., Ebadi A., Zeinalabedini M., and Gogorcena Y. 2011. Morphological and molecular variability in some Iranian almond genotypes and related Prunus species and their potentials for rootstock breeding. Scientia horticulturae 129(1): 108-118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2011.03.017.
34. Osei M.K., Bonsu K.O., Agyeman A., and Choi H.S. 2014. Genetic diversity of tomato germplasm in Ghana using morphological characters. International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 3(3): 220-231. https://doi.org/10.9734/IJPSS/2014/6466.
35. Ovalles F.A., and Collins M.E. 1988. Variability of northwest Florida soils by principle component analysis. Soil Science Society of America Journal 52(5): 1430-1435. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1988.03615995005200050042x.
36. Pérez-de-la-Vega M. 1993. Biochemical Characterization of Populations. p. 184-200. In: Hayward M.D., Bosemark N.O., and Romagosa I. (eds.) Plant Breeding: Principles and Prospects. Chapman and Hall, London.
37. Ponce R.G., Zancada C., Verdugo M., and Salas L. 1996. Plant height as a factor in competition between black nightshade and two horticultural crops (tomato and pepper). Journal of Horticultural Science 71(3): 453-460. https://doi.org/10.1080/14620316.1996.11515426.
38. Pradhan A.M., Nanadeshwar B.C., Sarkar K.K., and Konar A. 2011. Estimation of genetic parameters and association of traits related to yield in potato (Solanum tuberosum). Journal of Crop and Weed 7(2): 229-231.
39. Rai A.K., Vikram A., and Pal S. 2017. Genetic characterization of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) germplasm for yield and quality traits through principal component analysis. Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences 8(5): 1171-1174.
40. Reddy B.R., Reddy M.P., Reddy D.S., and Begum H. 2013. Correlation and path analysis studies for yield and quality traits in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science 4(4): 56-59. https://doi.org/10.9790/2380-0445659.
41. Rezaei A.M., and Mirmohammadi-Meybodi S.A.M. 2014. Statistics and Probability (Application in Agriculture). Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan. (In Persian)
42. Rick C.M., and Holle M. 1990. Andean Lycopersicon esculentum cerasiformie. genetic variation and its evolutionary significance. Economic Botany 44(3): 69-78.
43. Salim M.M.R., Rashid M.H., Hossain M.M., and Zakaria M. 2020. Morphological characterization of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) genotypes. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences 19(3): 233–240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssas.2018.11.001.
44. Saljooghianpour M., Rasouli M. 2021. Investigation of morphological –agronomic diversity in some of Tomato cultivars in Khash region. Sustainable Agricultural Research 1(1): 16-26. (In Persian with English abstract) https://doi.org/10.30495/SARJ.2021.683252.
45. Sekhar L., Prakash B.G., Salimath P.M., Hiremath P., Sridevi O., and Patil A.A. 2010. Implications of heterosis and combining ability among productive single cross hybrids in tomato. Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding 1(4): 706-711.
46. Solieman T.H.I., El-Gabry M.A.H., and Abido A.I. 2013. Heterosis, potence ratio and correlation of some important characters in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Scientia Horticulturae 150(2013): 25-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2012.10.024.
47. Tembe K.O., Chemining'wa G., Ambuko J., and Owino W. 2018. Evaluation of African tomato landraces (Solanum lycopersicum) based on morphological and horticultural traits. Agriculture and Natural Resources 52(6): 536-542. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anres.2018.11.014.
48. Terzopoulos P.J., and Bebeli P.J. 2008. DNA and morphological diversity of selected Greek tomato (Solanum lycopersicum ) landraces. Scientia Horticulturae 116(4): 354-361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2008.02.010.
49. Weising K., Atkinson R.G., and Gardner R.C. 1995. Genomic fingerprinting by microsatellite-primed PCR: A critical evaluation. Genome Research 4: 249-25.
50. Zhou R., Wu Z., Cao X., and Jiang F.L. 2015. Genetic diversity of cultivated and wild tomatoes revealed by morphological traits and SSR markers. Genetics and Molecular Research 14(4): 13868-13879. http://dx.doi.org/10.4238/2015.October.29.7.