ارزیابی خصوصیات کمپوست زباله شهری غنی شده با پودر خون، پودر استخوان و خاک فسفات و تاثیر آن بر رشد اسفناج (.Spinacia oleracea L)

علوم باغبانی

مقاله 13، دوره 36، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 54، شهریور 1401، صفحه 505-518   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jhs.2021.72864.1097

نویسندگان

جواد آهوی؛ علیرضا آستارایی^* ؛ رضا خراسانی؛ امیر لکزیان

گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

چکیده

استفاده از افزودنی‌های مختلف جهت غنی‌سازی و بهبود خصوصیات کمپوست تولید شده از جمله روش‌های مرسوم می‌باشد. در این تحقیق هدف بررسی تاثیر دو ترکیب آلی (پودر خون و پودر استخوان) و یک ترکیب معدنی (خاک فسفات) بر خصوصیات کمپوست زباله شهری و همچنین تاثیر این تیمارها بر خصوصیات رشدی و غلظت عناصر غذایی در گیاه اسفناج می‌باشد. این تحقیق در دو بخش جداگانه انجام شد. هدف بخش اول بررسی تاثیر افزودنی‌های آلی و معدنی بر خصوصیات کمپوست زباله شهری بود. فاکتورهای آزمایشی شامل چهار نوع کمپوست شاهد(بدون افزودنی)، همراه با 1 درصد پودر خون، با 1 درصد پودر استخوان و با 5 درصد خاک فسفات بودند. در بخش دوم این تحقیق و در یک آزمایش گلخانه‌ای تاثیر تیمارهای حاصل از کمپوست غنی شده بعلاوه یک تیمار شاهد (بدون کمپوست) بر خصوصیات رشدی و غلظت عناصر غذایی در اندام هوایی گیاه اسفناج مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج داده‌های کمپوست غنی‌سازی شده نشان داد که تیمارهای آزمایشی باعث کاهش هدایت الکتریکی و کربن آلی می­گردد که بیشترین کاهش در تیمار خاک فسفات به ترتیب با 5/14 درصد و 9/8 درصد نسبت به تیمار شاهد مشاهده شد. کمترین نسبت C/N با 26/8  و بیشترین مقادیر نیتروژن با مقدار 5/2 درصد در تیمار پودر خون  بدست آمد. تیمار خاک فسفات باعث افزایش مقدار فسفر 215 درصدی در مقایسه با شاهد شد. اضافه کردن پودر خون باعث افزایش مقدار آهن شد بطوری که میزان آن به 6/706 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم رسید. میزان اسید هیومیک، شاخص هوموسی شدن و درجه پلیمریزاسیون در تیمار خاک فسفات به ترتیب با 72/5 درصد ، 48/28 و 54/56 دارای بیشترین مقادیر در مقایسه با سایر تیمارها بودند. تاثیر تیمارهای کمپوست غنی­سازی شده در کشت گلخانه نیز نشان از تاثیر مثبت این تیمارها بر وزن خشک گیاه بود. به طوری که بیشترین افزایش در تیمار پودر خون با مقدار 59 درصد نسبت به تیمار شاهد مشاهده شد، و بیشترین میزان جذب فسفر در تیمار خاک فسفات با 5/87 درصد رشد نسبت به تیمار شاهد ملاحظه گردید. بیشترین مقادیر جذب آهن و نیتروژن در اندام هوایی به ترتیب در تیمار پودر خون با 1177 میلی­گرم در کیلوگرم وزن خشک گیاه و 13/3 درصد بود. در این تحقیق پودر خون به عنوان بهترین تیمار در غنی‌سازی کمپوست زباله شهری مشخص شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

اسفناج؛ پودر استخوان؛ پودر خون؛ خاک فسفات؛ کمپوست زباله شهری

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