اثر آبیاری و مدیریت تغذیه بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد کینوا در شرایط بیرجند

پژوهشهای زراعی ایران

مقاله 5، دوره 20، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 65، فروردین 1401، صفحه 65-80   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jcesc.2021.69421.1036

نویسندگان

حسین طبیعی؛ رضا برادران^* ؛ محمد جواد ثقه الاسلامی؛ سید غلامرضا موسوی

گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد بیرجند، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بیرجند، ایران

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی اثر آبیاری و سیستم تغذیه‌ای بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد کینوا، آزمایشی به‌‌‌صورت کرت‌های خرد شده در قالب بلوک‌‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقات جهاد دانشگاهی خراسان جنوبی در دو سال 99-1398 اجرا شد. عامل اصلی رژیم‌های آبیاری در سه سطح: آبیاری معادل 100 (شاهد)، 65 و 30 درصد تبخیر و تعرق گیاه مرجع و عامل فرعی شش سطح کودی شامل: 1- شاهد (عدم مصرف)، 2- کود دامی، 3- ورمی‌کمپوست، 4- NPK، 5- 50% دامی+ 50% NPK و 6- 50% ورمی‌کمپوست+ 50% NPK بود. صفات تعداد گل آذین در مترمربع، تعداد دانه در بوته، وزن هزار دانه، شاخص کلروفیل، محتوی رطوبت نسبی برگ، عملکرد دانه و شاخص برداشت اندازه‌گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد که تیمار آبیاری 30 درصد تبخیر و تعرق گیاه مرجع (تنش شدید) تأثیر چشمگیری بر صفات اندازه‌گیری شده در هر دو سال زراعی داشت، به‌طوری‌که در این تیمار عملکرد دانه نسبت به تیمار آبیاری 100 درصد تبخیر و تعرق گیاه مرجع (شاهد)، 4/38 و 6/32 درصد به‌ترتیب در سال اول و دوم کاهش یافت. همچنین عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد در سیستم‌های تغذیه تلفیقی نسبت به سیستم‌های شیمیایی و آلی بیشتر بود. بیشترین عملکرد دانه با میانگین 1/3040 کیلوگرم در هکتار از تیمار کاربرد 50% ورمی‌کمپوست+ 50% NPK به‌دست آمد. بر اساس نتایج ضرایب همبستگی، وزن هزار دانه از مهم‌ترین اجزای تاثیرگذار بر عملکرد دانه کینوا بود. بنابراین در منطقه بیرجند، سیستم تغدیه تلفیقی در شرایط آبیاری کافی برای حصول عملکرد اقتصادی قابل توصیه است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

تشتک تبخیر؛ رطوبت نـسبی بـرگ؛ سیستم تغذیه؛ کم آبیاری؛ کود آلی

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