اثر متقابل آزادی اقتصادی و کارآفرینی بر رشد اقتصادی در کشورهای منتخب

اقتصاد و توسعه منطقه ای

مقاله 6، دوره 28، 1بهار و تابستان 21، شهریور 1400، صفحه 139-174   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/erd.2021.18827.0

نویسندگان

مرجان زمانی¹؛ محسن محمدی خیاره^{* 2}؛ رضا مظهری²

¹کارشناسی ارشد مدیریت کارآفرینی، دانشگاه گنبدکاووس

²استادیار اقتصاد، دانشگاه گنبدکاووس

چکیده

چکیده
در این پژوهش، تأثیر متقابل شاخص­های آزادی اقتصادی (حاکمیت قانون، اندازه دولت، کارایی قوانین و مقررات و بازارهای باز) و کارآفرینی بر رشد اقتصادی در نمونه­ای شامل 66 کشور منتخب درحال‌توسعه و توسعه­یافته برای دوره زمانی 2018-2010 بررسی می­شود. هدف، ارزیابی چگونگی و میزان تأثیرگذاری شاخص­های آزادی بر رشد اقتصادی کشورهای منتخب از کانال فعالیت­های کارآفرینانه است. مدل تحقیق با استفاده از داده­های تابلویی و با رویکرد گشتاورهای تعمیم‌یافته (GMM) برآورد گردید. یافته­ها حاکی از آن است که تأثیر متقابل کارآفرینی و شاخص‌های آزادی اقتصادی کل، حاکمیت قانون، کارایی قوانین و مقررات و بازارهای باز بر رشد اقتصادی در هر دو گروه از کشورهای منتخب مثبت و معنادار بوده است. این نتایج گویای آن است که درجه بالاتر آزادی اقتصادی از طریق افزایش فعالیت­های کارآفرینانه می­تواند به رشد اقتصادی بالاتر بینجامد. همچنین، تأثیر متقابل کارآفرینی و اندازه دولت در کشورهای توسعه‌یافته مثبت و در کشورهای درحال‌توسعه معنادار نشده است که بیانگر تأثیر متفاوت هزینه­های مختلف دولت بر رشد اقتصادی است. علاوه­براین، نتایج نشان داد که تأثیر کارآفرینی بر رشد اقتصادی در کشورهای توسعه‌یافته مثبت و معنادار و در کشورهای درحال‌توسعه منفی و معنادار بوده است. درنتیجه، به­منظور ایجاد محیط کسب­وکار مناسب برای توسعة فعالیت­های کارآفرینانه، سیاست‌گذاری دولت­ها باید در جهت بهبود آزادی اقتصادی از طریق تدوین قوانین مناسب جهت تسهیل سرمایه­گذاری، تشویق سرمایه­گذاری خارجی، کاهش تعرفه­ها و رفع موانع غیرتعرفه­ای­ باشد. کاهش دخالت دولت در سیستم بانکی، کاهش نرخ مالیات بر درآمد افراد و شرکت­ها، انعطاف در قوانین در بازار کار، استقلال دستگاه قضایی و نهایتاً کاهش میزان فساد از دیگر اقدامات ضروری است تا زمینه رشد کسب­وکارها و فعالیت­های کارآفرینی فراهم شده و متعاقباً موجب بهبود و ارتقای رشد اقتصادی شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

آزادی اقتصادی؛ حاکمیت قانون؛ اندازه دولت؛ کارایی قوانین و مقررات؛ بازارهای باز

سایر فایل های مرتبط با مقاله

chkide 21.pdf

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