اثر همزیستی قارچ مایکوریزا و کاربرد برگی اسیدهای آمینه بر برخی صفات رشدی و روغن گیاه دارویی همیشه بهار (Calendula officinallis L.)

پژوهشهای زراعی ایران

مقاله 7، دوره 20، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 65، فروردین 1401، صفحه 93-103   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jcesc.2021.72735.1092

نویسنده

مهدی طاهری اصغری^*

گروه کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی اثر محلول‌پاشی اسیدهای آمینه و همزیستی قارچ مایکوریزا بر صفات کمی و کیفی گیاه دارویی همیشه بهار (Calendula officinalis L.) آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه بلوک کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار، طی سال‌های زراعی 1399-1398 و 1398- 1397 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تاکستان اجرا شد. عوامل آزمایشی شامل سه گونه قارچ مایکوریزا (شاهد، Glomus mosseae، G.etunicatum و G. intraradices) و سطوح اسید آمینه سورن (این ترکیب تجاری حاوی انواع اسید آمینه‌های ضروری برای گیاه است) شامل بدون محلول‌پاشی و محلول‌پاشی در دو مرحله ساقه‌دهی و گل‌دهی بود. نتایج نشان داد که کاربرد اسید آمینه و قارچ مایکوریزا گونه G. mosseae نسبت به تیمار عدم استفاده از قارچ مایکوریزا و کاربرد اسید آمینه افزایش بسیار معنی‌داری در درصد کلونیزاسیون ریشه داشت. کاربرد G. mosseae  در همیشه بهار باعث افزایش 33% شاخص کلروفیل شد. همچنین نتایج نشان دادند درصد و عملکرد روغن در اثر کاربرد برگی اسید آمینه و استفاده از G. mosseae به‌ترتیب به میزان 25% و 70%  نسبت به تیمار عدم استفاده از اسید آمینه و مایکوریزا افزایش یافت. بیشترین عملکرد اسانس نیز از تیمار G. mosseae با مقدار 74/7 کیلوگرم در هکتار به‌دست آمد. به‌طور کلی، نتایج نشان داد که تلقیح گیاه دارویی همیشه بهار با قارچ مایکوریزا به‌ویژه گونه mosseae می‌تواند در جذب عناصر غذایی در جهت رشد بهتر این گیاه استفاده شود و کاربرد برگی اسید آمینه با در اختیار قرار دادن نیتروژن برای گیاه، روند رشد و توسعه گیاه را بهبود بخشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

روغن؛ شاخص کلروفیل؛ کلونیزاسیون ریشه؛ مایکوریزا

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