Numerical Simulation of Cranial Bone Perforation Process Using Water Jet

علوم کاربردی و محاسباتی در مکانیک

Article 4, Volume 33, Issue 1 - Serial Number 25, January 2022, Pages 53-70   

Document Type: Original Article

DOI: 10.22067/jacsm.2022.73148.1070

Authors

Shahed-Al-Sadat Alavi¹; Masoud Ziaei-Rad^{* 1}; Nima Jamshidi²

¹Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran

²Biomedical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran

Abstract

In this paper, the problem of perforation of the human cranial bone surface in the shape of a hemisphere using a water jet is numerically simulated in three dimensions. The simulation involves both the flow and heat transfer of the impinging water jet, and surface perforation process. The volume of fluid method was used to model the jet two-phase flow, and Johnson-Cook equation in finite element method was applied for perforating the bone surface. The obtained results show that the pressure and friction coefficients on the surface depend on the nozzle distance from the surface, and the pressure at the stagnation point increases as the nozzle distance decreases. Also, by increasing the nozzle distance, local Nusselt number along the hemisphere radius as well as maximum Nusselt decreases at the stagnation point. The effect of nozzle diameter on pressure and friction coefficients was also investigated and found that the pressure at stagnation point is increased by the nozzle diameter. The change in the jet velocity also showed that a 20% change in velocity has no significant effect on the pressure and friction coefficients, while increases the Nusselt number. In modeling the perforation process, actual properties and coefficients of bone material, such as Poisson's coefficient and Young's modulus were used. Comparison of on-site stress distribution based on Tresca and von Mises criteria showed that according to the proposed parameters, the perforation is performed properly.

Keywords

water jet; cranial bone perforation; numerical simulation; Finite-volume method; Finite-element method

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