تأثیر نظام‌های خاک‌ورزی، مدیریت بقایای گیاهی و کاربرد کود پتاسیم بر عملکرد و برخی ویژگی‌های فیزیولوژیک چای ترش (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.)

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 3، دوره 14، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 54، دی 1401، صفحه 633-647   

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/agry.2022.20185.0

نویسندگان

زهرا میر؛ احمد قنبری؛ مهدی دهمرده^* ؛ محمود رمرودی؛ محمدرضا اصغری پور

گروه زراعت دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران.

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی اثر نظام‌های خاک‌ورزی، مدیریت بقایای گیاهی و کاربرد کود پتاسیم بر عملکرد و برخی ویژگی‌های فیزیولوژیک گیاه دارویی چای ترش (Hibiscus sabdariffa)، آزمایشی در مزرعه تحقیقاتی پژوهشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه زابل در سال زراعی 98-1397 به‌صورت اسپیلت­پلات- فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام گرفت. عوامل آزمایشی شامل نظام‌های خاک‌ورزی در سه سطح بدون خاک‌ورزی، خاک‌ورزی کاهشی (دیسک) و خاک‌ورزی متداول (گاوآهن + دیسک) به‌عنوان عامل اصلی و میزان بقایای گیاهی در سه سطح (صفر، حفظ 30 درصد بقایا و حفظ 60 درصد بقایا) و کود سولفات پتاسیم در سه سطح ( صفر، 75 و 150 کیلوگرم در هکتار) به‌عنوان عامل فرعی در نظر گرفته شد. ویژگی‌های مورد مطالعه شامل: عملکرد کاسبرگ خشک، عملکرد بیولوژیک، شاخص برداشت، مقدار کلروفیل a، b و کاروتنوئید، آنتوسیانین، فلاونوئید و پروتئین بودند. نتایج نشان داد که برهم‌کنش نظام‌های خاک‌ورزی، بقایای گیاهی و سولفات پتاسیم بر تمامی ویژگی‌های مورد بررسی (به‌جز شاخص برداشت) معنی‌دار بود. بیشترین عملکرد کاسبرگ خشک چای ترش از تیمار برهم‌کنش اثرات سه‌گانه نظام خاک‌ورزی کاهشی، حفظ60 درصد بقایای گیاهی و 150 کیلوگرم در هکتار سولفات پتاسیم (7/3221 کیلوگرم در هکتار) به‌دست آمد که نسبت به شاهد بیش از 100 درصد افزایش داشت. بالاترین میزان آنتوسیانین کاسبرگ از تیمار خاک‌ورزی متداول و حفظ30 درصد بقایای گیاهی و 75 کیلوگرم در هکتار سولفات پتاسیم (4/0 میکرو‌مول بر گرم وزن تر) حاصل گردید. استفاده از خاک‌ورزی متداول و حفظ 30 درصد بقایا و 75 کیلوگرم در هکتار سولفات پتاسیم سبب افزایش کلروفیل a، b و کاروتنوئید شد. همچنین تیمار‌های بدون خاک‌ورزی و خاک‌ورزی متداول سبب افزایش میزان فلاونوئید (19 میلی‌گرم گلوکز بر گرم وزن تر نمونه) و پروتئین سر شاخه‌ها (200 میلی‌گرم بر گرم وزن تر) گردید. نتایج نشان داد که کاربرد تلفیقی اثرات سه‌گانه نظام‌های خاک‌ورزی (کاهشی و متداول) توأم با مدیریت بقایای گیاهی (حفظ 60 و 30 درصد بقایا) و کاربرد کود پتاسیم (150 و 75 کیلوگرم در هکتار) نه تنها به کاهش آلودگی محیط زیست کمک می‌کند، بلکه در افزایش عملکرد و ویژگی‌های فیزیولوژیک چای ترش در منطقه سیستان نقش مؤثری ایفا می‌کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

آنتوسیانین؛ پروتئین؛ سولفات پتاسیم؛ فلاونوئید؛ کاروتنوئید؛ کلروفیل

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