کاربرد الگوی بهینه‌سازی یکپارچه اقتصادی- هیدرولوژیکی در مدیریت منابع آب حوضه آبریز قره‌سو با هدف حفظ تالاب و امنیت غذائی

اقتصاد و توسعه کشاورزی

مقاله 2، دوره 36، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 54، خرداد 1401، صفحه 17-35   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jead.2022.70539.1049

نویسندگان

فاطمه مزرعه¹؛ حمید امیرنژاد^{* 2}؛ علیرضا نیکوئی³

¹دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری

²گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی ساری

³مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اصفهان

چکیده

در سال‌های اخیر مسأله تغییر اقلیم و گرمایش جهانی از طریق کاهش میزان بارش منجر به افزایش فراوانی و شدت خشکسالی و کمیابی آب در مناطق مختلف جهان ازجمله ایران شده است. بررسی میزان آبدهی سالانه رودخانه‌های واقع در حوضه آبریز قرسو (استان گلستان) نشان داد این حوضه نیز در سال‌های اخیر با پدیده خشکسالی مواجه بوده و ازآنجاکه بخش اعظم آب مورد نیاز تالاب میانکاله از رودخانه قره‌سو تأمین می‌شود برداشت آب برای مصارف زراعی، خانگی و صنعتی تأثیر عمده‌ای بر اکوسیستم تالاب میانکاله خواهد داشت. با توجه به اینکه کشاورزی عمده‌ترین فعالیت اقتصادی استان و بزرگترین مصرف‌کننده آب و نیز، تأمین‌کننده امنیت غذائی در منطقه است، لذا کاهش مصرف آب آبیاری می‌تواند آب اضافی مورد نیاز برای حفاظت تالاب را فراهم کند. در این مطالعه برای تأمین آب موردنیاز تالاب میانکاله در مجاورت حوضه آبریز قره‌سو در سناریوهای نرمال و خشکسالی و کمبود آب نسبت به شرایط پایه از یک الگوی بهینه‌سازی اقتصادی- هیدرولوژیکی توسعیافته برای مدیریت منابع آب در حوضه آبریز برقرارکننده پیوندی یکپارچه بین اجزای هیدرولوژیکی، اقتصادی، محیط‌زیستی و نهادی استفاده شد. نتایج مطالعه نشان داد که با توزیع بهینه آب در شرایط نرمال سطح زیر کشت کلیه محصولات زراعی یک درصد افزایش و منافع کل منطقه 3 درصد افزایش یافته و حداقل آب موردنیاز تالاب نیز تأمین شد. همچنین نتایج نشان داد که در شرایط خشکسالی و کمبود آب اگرچه مقدار آب در دسترس همه گره‌های تقاضاکننده نسبت به شرایط پایه کاهش یافته، اما از نظر اقتصادی سبب بهبود منافع ذی‌نفعان به­خصوص محیط‌زیست شد. همچنین، علی‌رغم کاهش سطح زیر کشت کلیه محصولات، حداقل مقدار آب برای حفظ تالاب میانکاله تأمین شد. لذا، توصیه می‌شود به‌منظور افزایش کارایی اقتصادی کشاورزان، ترویج الگوی کشت بهینه و کاربرد استراتژی‌های کم‌آبیاری محصولات توسط مسئولین سازمان جهاد کشاورزی استان گلستان مورد توجه قرار گرفته و در شرایط خشکسالی از راهبردهای مناسب با خشکسالی جهت بهبود مدیریت منابع آب استفاده شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

الگوی بهینه سازی هیدرولوژیکی اقتصادی؛ امنیت غذایی؛ حوضه آبریز قره‌سو؛ تالاب میانکاله؛ کم آبی

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