اثر کاربرد سالیسیلیک اسید بر صفات مورفوفیزیولوژیکی عروسک پشت پرده (Physalis peruviana L.) تحت تنش کم آبی

علوم باغبانی

مقاله 8، دوره 36، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 55، آذر 1401، صفحه 643-655   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jhs.2022.72985.1096

نویسندگان

سارا سیاه منصور¹؛ عبداله احتشام نیا^{* 2}؛ عبدالحسین رضایی نژاد³

¹گروه باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان

²فیزیولوژی و اصلاح میوه، علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان

³فیزیولوژی گیاهان زینتی، علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان

چکیده

امروزه به دلیل تغییرات آب و هوا و کاهش بارندگی، تولید محصولات کشاورزی در بسیاری از مناطق، بخصوص مناطق خشک و نیمه خشک با مشکل مواجه شده است. از طرفی، استفاده از مواد تعدیل کننده تنش، یک راهکار بهینه و کم هزینه بوده و شناخت ویژگی‌های گیاه در این شرایط، منجر به اتخاذ شیوه‌های مدیریت تولید مناسب خواهد شد. به همین منظور، آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با دو فاکتور تنش کم آبی (سه سطح 95، 85 و 75 درصد ظرفیت زراعی) و محلول‌پاشی سالیسیلیک اسید ( چهار سطح صفر، 5/0، 1 و 2 میلی‌مولار) در سال 1397 درگلخانه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه لرستان انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که اثر تنش کم آبی و تیمار سالیسیلیک اسید بر صفات اندازه‌گیری شده شامل رنگیزه‌های فتوسنتزی، کلروفیل فلورسانس، وزن تر و خشک میوه، تعداد میوه، میزان ویتامین ث، پرولین، قند محلول، وزن تر و خشک برگ، سطح برگ، ارتفاع بوته و حجم ریشه معنی‌دار شد. محلول‌پاشی سالیسیلیک اسید با غلظت‌ 2 میلی‌مولار در تنش کم آبی 75 درصد ظرفیت زراعی، موجب افزایش غلظت رنگدانه‌های فتوسنتزی شامل کلروفیل a (69/25 درصد)، کلروفیل b (08/14 درصد)، کلروفیل کل (70/6 درصد) و کارتنوئید (26/7 درصد) و افزایش میزان پارامترهای کلروفیل فلورسانس از جمله Fm (2/5 درصد) و Fv (92/1 درصد) نسبت به شاهد شد و در غلظت 1 میلی‌مولار بر صفات کمی و کیفی میوه از جمله تعداد میوه (67/2 درصد)، وزن تر میوه (61/10 درصد) و وزن خشک میوه (6/0 درصد)، نتایج مطلوب‌تری را نسبت به شاهد داشت. همچنین، در شرایط تنش 75 درصد ظرفیت زراعی، کاربرد سالیسیلیک اسید 2 میلی‌مولار موجب کاهش غلظت پرولین (2/31 درصد)، قند محلول (69/11درصد) و آنتوسیانین برگ (93/4 درصد) نسبت به شاهد شد. بنابراین طبق نتایج به دست آمده، می‌توان از سطوح آبیاری 85 و 95 درصد ظرفیت زراعی، جهت پرورش گیاه عروسک پشت پرده و غلظت 2 میلی‌مولار سالیسیلیک اسید به عنوان یک تعدیل کننده طبیعی برای کاهش اثرات تنش کم آبی استفاده کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

آنتوسیانین برگ؛ حداکثر کارائی کوانتومی فتوسیستم II؛ مواد تنظیم کننده رشد؛ ویتامین ث

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