کاربرد مقادیر مختلف نیترات آمونیوم به صورت کوددهی پایه بر برخی صفات مورفو- فیزیولوژیکی گیاه سجافی (Chlorophytum comosum)

علوم باغبانی

مقاله 13، دوره 36، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 56، بهمن 1401، صفحه 903-915   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jhs.2022.73430.1103

نویسندگان

مژده اسکو¹؛ عزیزاله خندان میرکوهی^{* 2}؛ روح انگیز نادری³

¹پردیس ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

²پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

³پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

چکیده

جهت ارزیابی تاثیر سطوح مختلف نیترات آمونیوم بر شاخص‌های رشدی و فیزیولوژیکی گیاه سجافی (Chlorophytum comosum) آزمایشی بر پایه طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با 4 تیمار و 3 تکرار به اجرا درآمد. از چهار سطح مختلف نیترات آمونیوم (100 (به‌عنوان شاهد)، 200، 400 و600 میلی‌‎گرم در کیلوگرم خاک) استفاده شد. تیمارها، ماهانه و به صورت چالکود اعمال گردید. صفات مورد بررسی شامل صفات مورفولوژیک (ارتفاع، تعداد برگ، تعداد دستک، وزن ‌تر اندام‌ هوایی، وزن ‌خشک‌ اندام ‌هوایی، وزن ‌تر ریشه، وزن ‌خشک‌ ریشه، حجم ریشه، عمق ‌ریشه، طول‌ ریشه، وزن گلدان، سطح ‌برگ) و صفات فیزیولوژیک (کلروفیل کل، مقدار‌ پروتئین کل، مقدار نیترات موجود در بافت و میزان پرولین) بود و همچنین آنالیز بسترکشت قبل از شروع آزمایش انجام شد. نتایج مقایسه میانگین نشان داد که اثر سطوح مختلف نیترات آمونیوم بر همه صفات مورد ارزیابی به جز وزن گلدان، عمق ریشه، طول ریشه و حجم ریشه معنی‌دار بود. با افزایش سطوح مختلف تیمار، ارتفاع، تعداد برگ، وزن‌ تر ‌اندام‌ هوایی، وزن‌ خشک ‌اندام ‌هوایی، وزن ‌تر‌ ریشه، وزن ‌خشک‌ ریشه و سطح برگ افزایش یافت. بیشترین میزان کلروفیل، پروتئین و نیترات بافت در تیمار 400 میلی‌گرم نیترات آمونیوم مشاهده شد و با افزایش کاربرد نیترات آمونیوم مقدار آنها کاهش یافت. بیشترین مقدار پرولین (20/11 میکروگرم بر میلی‌لیتر) در تیمار 600 میلی‌گرم نیترات آمونیوم و کمترین مقدار (57/3 میکروگرم بر میلی‌لیتر) در تیمار شاهد مشاهده شد. با توجه به نتایج بدست آمده تیمار 400 میلی‌گرم نیترات آمونیوم موجب افزایش شاخص‌های رشد و عملکرد و افزایش جنبه زینتی گیاه سجافی به عنوان یک گیاه برگ زینتی گردید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

پروتئین؛ شاخص‌های رشد؛ عملکرد؛ کلروفیل

مراجع

1. Anuradha, K., Pampapathy, K., & Narayana, N. (1988). Effect of N and P₂O₅ on the nutrient composition and uptake by marigold (Tagetes erecta). South Indian Horticulture 36(4): 209-211.
2. Anwar, M., Patra, D.D., Chand, S., Alpesh, K., Naqvi, A.A., & Khanuja, S.P.S. (2005). Effect of organic manures and inorganic fertilizer on growth, herb and oil yield, nutrient accumulation, and oil quality of French basil Communications in soil. Science and Plant Analysis 36(13-14): 1737-1746. https://doi.org/10.1081/CSS-200062434.
3. Arnon, A.N. (1967). Method of extraction of chlorophyll in the plants. Agronomy Journal 23(1): 112-121.
4. Baloch, P.A., Riaz, U., Nizamani, F.K., Solangi, A.H., & Siddiqui, A.A. (2014). Effect of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers on growth and yield characteristics of radish (Raphinus sativus). American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences 14(6): 565-569. https://doi.org/ 10.5829/idosi.aejaes.2014.14.06.12350.
5. Bates, L.S., Waldren, R.P., & Teare, I.D. (1973). Rapid determination of free proline for water-stress studies. Plant and Soil Journal 39(1): 205-207. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00018060.
6. Belorkar, P.V., Patel, B.N., Golliwar, V.J., & Kothare, A.J. (1992). Effect of nitrogen and spacingon growth, flowering and yield of African marigold. Journal of Soils and Crops 2: 62-64.
7. Bouyoucos, C.J. (1962). Hydrometer method improved for making particle size analysis of soil. Agronomy Journal 54: 464-465. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1962.00021962005400050028x.
8. Bradford, M.M. (1976). A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Journal of Analytical Biochemistry 72(1-2): 248-254. https://doi.org/1006/abio.1976.9999.
9. Bremner, J.M. (1996). Nitrogen‐ Methods of soil analysis: Part 3 Chemical Methods 5: 1085-1121. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssabookser5.3.c37.
10. Cataldo, D.A., Maroon, M., Schrader, L.E., & Youngs, V.L. (1975). Rapid colorimetric determination of nitrate in plant tissue by nitration of salicylic acid. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 6(1): 71-80. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103627509366547.
11. Cechin, I., & Fátima Fumis, T. (2004). Effect of nitrogen supply on growth and photosynthesis of sunflower plants grown in the greenhouse. Journal of Plant Science 166: 1379-1385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2004.01.020.
12. Darzi, M.T., Ghalavand, A., Rejali, F., & Sefidkon, F. (2006). Effects of biofertilizers application on yield and yield components in Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants 22(4): 276-292. (In Persian)
13. Dhanasekaran, D., Ramya, K., & Sathappan, C. (2020). Performance of spider plant (Chlorophytum comosum) in modular vertical green walls under various media and nutrients. Annals of Plant and Soil Research 22(4): 410-414. https://doi.org/10.47815/apsr.2020.10013.
14. Dordas, C.A., & Sioulas, C. (2008). Safflower yield, chlrophyll content, photosynthesis, and water use efficiency response to nitrogen fertilization under rainfed conditions. Industrial Crops and Products 27: 75-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2007.07.020.
15. Fageria, N.K. (1992). Maximizing crop yields.CRC Press.
16. Fermo, P., Masiero, S., Rosa, M., Labella, G., & Comite, V. (2021). Chlorophytum comosum: A Bio-Indicator for assessing the accumulation of heavy metals present in the aerosol particulate matter (PM). Applied Sciences 11(10): 43-48. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11104348.
17. Germishuizen, G., & Meyer, N. (2003). Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Pretoria: National Botanical Institute 14: 186.
18. Ghasemi, E., Tookalloo, M.R., & Zabihi, H.R. (2012). Effect of nitrogen and potassium and hiumic acid on vegetative growth, nitrogen and potassium uptake of potato minituber in greenhouse condition. Iranian Journal of Agronomy and Plant Breeding 8(1): 39-56. (In Persian)
19. Gross, J. (2012). Pigments in vegetables: chlorophylls and carotenoids. Springer Science & Business Media. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2033-7.
20. Hailu, S., Seyoum, T., & Dechassa, N. (2008). Effect of Combined application of Organic-P and Inorganic-N fertilizers on yield of Carrot. African Journal of Biotechnology 1: 27-34.
21. Haluschak, P. (2006). Laboratory methods of soil analysis. Canada-Manitoba Soil Survey 3: 133.
22. Hassegawa, R.H., Fonseca, H., Fancelli, A.L., da Silva, V.N., Schammass, E.A., Reis, T.A., & Corrêa, B. (2008). Influence of macro-and micronutrient fertilization on fungal contamination and fumonisin production in corn grains. Journal of Food Control 19(1): 36-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2007.01.006.
23. Hole, C.C., Morris, G.E.L., & Cowper, A.S. (1987). Distribution of dry matter between shoot and storage root of field-grown carrots. II. Relationship between initiation of leaves and storage roots in different cultivars. Journal of Horticultural Science 62(3): 343-349. https://doi.org/10.1080/14620316.1987.11515790.
24. Hugar, A.H. (1986). Studies on time of pruning and nutrition on growth and flower yield of Jasminum auriculatum M.Sc. (Agri.) Thesis, University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad. (India)
25. Hutchings, G.J., Mirzaei, A.A., Joyner, R.W., Siddiqui, M.R.H., & Taylor, S.H. (1996). Ambient temperature CO oxidation using copper manganese oxide catalysts prepared by coprecipitation: effect of ageing on catalyst performance. Catalysis Letters 42(1): 21-24. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00814462.
26. Jamod, P.P. (2001). Influence of plant population and levels of nitrogen on growth and yield of African marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) cv. Local Orange. M.Sc. (Agri.) Thesis, Gujarat Agricultural University, Sardar Krushinagar.
27. Kermani Poorbaghaiy, S.S., Pouryousef, M., Jamshidi, KH., & Azimi, M.R. (2014). Effects of plant density and main stem pruning on yield and its components of pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo con var. pepo var. styriaca). Iranian Journal of medicinal and Aromatic Plants 30 (1): 1-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.22092/ijmapr.2014.5260.
28. Khalid, K.A. (2013). Effect of nitrogen fertilization on morphological and biochemical traits of some Apiaceae crops under arid region conditions in Egypt. Nusantara Bioscience 5(1): 15-21. https://doi.org/10.13057/nusbiosci/n050103.
29. Khandan-Mirkohi, A., Zafar-Farrokhi, F., Taheri, M.R., & Rejali, F. (2015). The effect of Mycohrizal symbiosis on water uptake efficiency and some growth traits of Osteospermum (Osteospermum hybrida 'Passion Mix'). Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science 45(4): 361-375. https://doi.org/10.22059/ijhs.2015.53486.
30. Li, J., Zhong, J., Liu, Q., Yang, H., Wang, Z., Li, Y., ... & Agranovski, I. (2021). Indoor formaldehyde removal by three species of Chlorophytum comosum under dynamic fumigation system: Part 2—plant recovery. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 28(7): 8453-8465. https://doi.org/1007/s11356-020-11167-3.
31. Liu, G., Du, Q., & Li, J. (2017). Interactive effects of nitrate-ammonium ratios and temperatures on growth, photosynthesis, and nitrogen metabolism of tomato seedlings. Scientia Horticulturae 214: 41-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2016.09.006.
32. Marschner, H. (1995). Mineral nutrition of higher plants. (2nd Ed). Academic Press Ltd., London, U.K. (Pp. 889.).
33. Marschner, H. (2012). Mineral nutrition of higher plants, Third Edition, Academic Press, London. https://doi.org/10.1016/C2009-0-63043-9.
34. Martin, N., Greet-jan, V., & Arne, V.B. (2004). Parameter for carrot quality and the development of inner quality concept. Louis Blok Institute, (In Netherlands).
35. Moshrefi Aragi, A.R., Naderi, R., Babalar, M., & Taheri M.R. (2013). Effect of ammonium to total nitrogen different ratios on vegetative growth and flowering of potted plant of Euphorbia pulcherrima. Journal of Agricultural Improvement 15: 39-51. (In Persian)
36. Olsen, S., Cole, C., Watanabe, F., & Dean, L. (1954). Estimation of available phosphorus in soils by extraction with sodium bicarbonate. USDA Circular No 939, US Gov. Print. Office, Washington, D.C.
37. Polara, N.D., Gajipara, N.N., & Barad, A.V. (2015). Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus on nutrient content and uptake in different varieties of African marigold (Tagetes erecta). Journal of Applied Horticulture 17(1): 44-47.
38. Prosba, B.U. (1996). The effects of nitrogen rates and planting dates on nitrate content in potato tubers. Biuletyn Instytutu Ziemniaka 46: 73-81.
39. Prsa, I., Stampar, F., Vodnik, D. & Veberic, R. (2007). Influence of nitrogen on leaf chlorophyll content and photosynthesis of ‘Golden Delicious’ apple. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B-Soil and Plant Science 57(3): 283-289. https://doi.org/10.1080/09064710600982878.
40. Reed, D.Wm. (1996). A Grower's Guide to Water, Media, and Nutrition for Greenhouse Crops. (1^st). Ball Publishing, Batavia, Illinois 60510 USA.
41. Robin, L.W., Burns, L.G., & Moorby, J. (2001). Responses of plant growth rate to nitrogen supply: a comparision of relative addition and N interruption treatments. Journal of Experimental Botany 52(355): 309-317. https://doi.org/10.1093/jexbot/52.355.309.
42. Sajid, M., & Amin, N. (2014). Effect of various combinations of nitrogen, phosphorus and potash onenhancing the flowering time in Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium). International Journal of Biosciences 4(10): 99-108. https://doi.org/10.12692/ijb/4.10.99-108.
43. Salehi, A., Ghalavand, A., Sefidkon, F., & Asgharzade, A. (2011). The effect of Zeolite, PGPR and vermicompost application on NPK concentration, essential oil content and yield in organic cultivation of German Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants 27(2): 188-201. (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22092/ijmapr.2011.6394.
44. Sanchez-Sánchez, A., Sánchez-Andreu, J., Juárez, M., Jordá, J., & Bermúdez, D. (2002). Humic substances and aminoacids improve effectiveness of chelate FeEDDHA in lemon trees. Journal of Plant Nutrition 25: 2433-2442. https://doi.org/10.1081/PLN-120014705.
45. Singh, M., Masroor, M., Khan, A., & Naeem, M. (2016). Effect of nitrogen on growth, nutrient assimilation, essential oil content, yield and quality attributes in Zingiber officinale Rosc. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences 15(2): 171-178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssas.2014.11.002.
46. Sonneveld, C., & Voogt, W. (2009). Plant nutrition of greenhouse crops. Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York.
47. Tumbare, A.D., & Nikam, D.R. (2004). Effect of planting and fertigation on growth and yield of green chilli (Capsicum annuum). Indian Journal of Agricultural Science 74(5): 242-245.
48. Vazques, P., Holguin, G., Puente, M.E., Lopez-Cortes, A., & Bashan, Y. (2000). Phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms associated with the rhizosphere of mangroves in a semiarid coastal lagoon. Biology Fertility of Soils 30: 460-468. https://doi.org/10.1007/s003740050024.
49. Walkley, A., & Black, I.A. (1934). An examination of the degtjareff method for determining soil organic matter, and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Journal of Soil Science 37(1): 29-38.
50. Yan, L., Xu, X., & Xia, J. (2019). Different impacts of external ammonium and nitrate addition on plant growth in terrestrial ecosystems: A meta-analysis. Science of the Total Environment 686: 1010-1018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.448.