بهبود جذب عناصر غذایی، صفات فیزیولوژیک و عملکرد دانه گیاه سیاه‏‌دانه (Nigella sativa L.) با کاربرد کود ورمی‌کمپوست در تاریخ‌‏های مختلف کاشت

پژوهشهای زراعی ایران

مقاله 4، دوره 20، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 66، تیر 1401، صفحه 163-178   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jcesc.2022.72537.1088

نویسندگان

عبدالعظیم بهرامی فرد¹؛ محمد رضا بازیار^{* 2}

¹دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد گیاهان دارویی، واحد فسا، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، فسا، ایران

²گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد فسا، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، فسا، ایران

چکیده

شناخت تاریخ مناسب کاشت گیاهان دارویی برای هر منطقه می‌‏تواند در افزایش محصول موثر باشد. از سوی دیگر ورمی‌‏کمپوست با بهبود وضعیت بستر خاک می‏‌تواند سبب افزایش عملکرد گردد. در این پژوهش جذب عناصر غذایی، صفات فیزیولوژیک و عملکرد دانه گیاه سیاه‌‏دانه با کاربرد کود ورمی‌‏کمپوست در تاریخ‌‏های مختلف کاشت در سال 1400-1399 در شهرستان فسا بررسی شد. این پژوهش به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‏‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. فاکتور اول تاریخ‌‏های مختلف کاشت در شش سطح (15 بهمن، 1 اسفند، 15 اسفند، 1 فروردین، 15 فروردین و 1 اردیبهشت) و فاکتور دوم ورمی‌‏کمپوست در سه سطح (شاهد و ورمی‏‌کمپوست 5 و 10 تن در هکتار) بود. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین جذب نیتروژن و فسفر در 1 اسفند و 15 اسفند مشاهده شد. همچنین بالاترین جذب نیتروژن و فسفر برگ در استفاده از کود ورمی‌‏کمپوست 5 و 10 تن در هکتار مشاهده شد. در تاریخ‌‏های مختلف کاشت، کود ورمی‌کمپوست 10 تن در هکتار سبب افزایش محتوای نسبی آب برگ، شاخص برداشت و وزن هزار دانه شد. در تاریخ کاشت 1 اسفند، 10 تن در هکتار کود ورمی‏‌کمپوست سبب افزایش وزن خشک اندام هوایی به میزان 8/5 درصد نسبت به شاهد شد. همچنین 10 تن در هکتار کود ورمی‌‏کمپوست سبب افزایش عملکرد دانه در تاریخ کاشت 1 اسفند و 15 اسفند به‌ترتیب به میزان 2/13 و 8/17 درصد نسبت به شاهد شد. در مجموع تاریخ کاشت 1 اسفند تا 1 فروردین و استفاده از کود ورمی‌کمپوست 10 تن در هکتار برای کاشت گیاه سیاه‌‏دانه قابل توصیه می‏‌باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

شاخص برداشت؛ عملکرد دانه؛ فسفر؛ کلروفیل؛ نشت یونی

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