پاسخ حرارتی و نوری باقلا(Vicia faba L.) ، به تاریخ کاشت تابستانه در منطقه مازندران

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 8، دوره 15، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 57، مهر 1402، صفحه 565-583   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/agry.2022.73157.1072

نویسنده

رمضان سرپرست

بخش تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان مازندران، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ساری، ایران.

چکیده

کشت دوم یا دوگانه گیاهان زراعی نه­تنها باعث افزایش تولید در واحد سطح می­گردد، بلکه استفاده بهینه از سایر منابع تولید را سبب می­شود. به­منظور بررسی تأثیر تاریخ کاشت خارج از فصل (تابستانه) بر تجمع واحدهای حرارتی، فنولوژی و عملکرد باقلا (Vicia faba L.) رقم لوزودی اوتونو، آزمایشی به­صورت کرت­های یک­بار خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی در سـه تکرار طی دو سال زراعی (1397- 1396) در ایستگاه تحقیقـاتی کشاورزی قراخیل (قائم­شهر) انجام شد. در این آزمایش، چهار تاریخ کشت تابستانه (20 خرداد، 10 تیر، اول مرداد و 20 مرداد) به­عنوان کرت اصلی و سه فاصله ردیف­های کشت 45، 60 و 75 سانتی‌متر به­عنوان کرت فرعی منظور شدند. نتایج نشان داد که واحد هلیوترمال در سال 1396 (از 47/0 تا 88/0) نسبت به سال 1397 (از 45/0 تا 86/0) بیشتر بود که دلیل این موضوع افزایش میانگین درجه حرارت هوا و تعداد ساعات آفتابی بود. بالاترین کـارایی مصـرف حـرارت مربوط به تاریخ کاشت سوم (اول مرداد) در سال 1396 به­دست آمد. همچنین از بین شاخص­های مورد بررسی، کـارآیی مصـرف حـرارت (HUE) و کـارآیی مصـرف تشعشع (RUE) نیاز حرارتی باقلا رقم لوزودی اوتونو را در تاریخ­هـای کاشت مختلـف و در مراحل متفاوت نموی به­خـوبی بـرآورد کـرده و در ایـن مسـیر به‌دلیل دارا بودن روند ثابت و منطقی برتـری نسـبی بر سایر شاخص­هـا ماننـد درجه روز رشد (GDD) و شاخص فتوترمال (PTI) دارنـد. نتایج مقایسه میانگین نشان داد که بیشترین عملکرد غلاف­سبز باقلا در تیمار ­فاصله ردیف­ 60 سانتی‌متر با 10723 کیلوگرم در هکتار و همچنین در تـاریخ­ کشـت سوم (اول مرداد) با 10422 کیلوگرم در هکتار به­دست امد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

غلاف سبز؛ کـارایی مصـرف حـرارت؛ کشت دوم

مراجع

1. Ahmad, T., Hafeez, F.Y., Mahmood, T., & Malik, K.A. (2008). Residual effect of nitrogen fixed by mungbean (Vigna radiata) and blackgram (Vigna mungo L.) on subsequent rice (Oryza sativa L.) and wheat (Triticum astivum L.) crops. Australian Journal Experimental Agricultural, 41, 245–248. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/EA99175
2. Ahmadi, G. (2011). Determination of the best planting date, seed rate and row spacing of faba been (var. Barekat) as second crop in Guilan. M.Sc. Thesis. Faculty of Agriculture, University of Guilan, Iran. (In Persian with English Summary)
3. Agung, S., & McDonald, G.K. (1998). Effects of seed size and maturity on the growth and yield of faba bean (Vicia faba ). Australian Journal Agricultural Research, 49, 79-88. https://doi.org/10.1071/A97030
4. Amgain, L.P. (2011). Accumulated heat unit and phenology of diverse maize varieties as affected by planting dates under Rampur condition, Nepal. Agronomy Journal of Nepal, 2, 111-120.
5. Brown, D.M., & Bootsma, A. (1993). Crop heat units for corn and other warm-season crops in Ontario. Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food Factsheet Agdex 111/31.ISSNNo. 0225-7882. Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food, Queen’s Park, Toronto, ON, Canada.
6. Cheema, M.A., Malik, A., Hussain, S., Shah, R., & Basra, S. (2001). Effects of time and rate of nitrogen and phosphorous application on the growth and the seed and oil yields of canola (Brassica napus ). Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 186, 103-110. http://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-037x.2001.00463.x
7. Dahmardeh, M., Ramroodi, M., & Valizadeh, J. (2010). Effect of plant density and cultivars on growth, yield and yield components of faba bean. African Journal of Biotechnology, 9(50), 8643-8647. http://doi.org/10.5897/AJB10.1355
8. Degwy, I.S., Glelah, A.A., El-Galaly, A., & Marwa, K. (2010). Performance of some faba bean cultivars as influenced by sowing date and broomrape control. Journal of Agricultural Research, 36, 292-313.
9. Eilkaee, M.N., & Emam, Y. (2003). Effect of plant density on yield and yield components in two winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus ) cultivars. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Science, 34(3), 509-515. (In Persian with English Summary)
10. Erskine, W.A., Nassib, M., & Telaye, A. (1988). Breeding for morphological traits. In: R.J. Summerfield (Ed), World Crops: Cool Season Food Legumes, Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 117-127.
11. Faraji, A. (2006). Effect of planting date and yield and seed yield components of four canola genotypes in Gonbad. Journal Seed and Plant Production, 7(3), 189-201. (In Persian with English Summary)
12. Grijesh, G., Kumara, K., Swamy, A.S., Sridhara, S., Dinish Kumar, M., Vageesh, T.S., & Nataraju, S.P. (2011). Heat use efficiency and helio thermal units of maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes as influenced by date of sowing under Southern transitional zone of Karanatak state. International Journal of Science and Nature, 2(3), 529-533.
13. Harris, D., Pathan, A.K., Gothkar, P., Joshi, A., Chivasa, W., & Nyamudeze, P. (2001). On-farm seed priming: using participatory methods to revive and refine a key technology. Agricultural Systems, 69, 151-164. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-521X(01)00023-3
14. Hashemabadi, D., & Sedaghathour, S. (2006). Study of mutual effect of the sowing date and plant density on yield and yield component of winter faba bean. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 12(1), 135-142. (In Persian with English Summary)
15. Hashemi-dezfouli, S., Alami-saeed, K.h., Siadat, S.A., & Komeili, M.R. (2001). Effect of planting date on potential of yield of two sweet corn hybrids in invironmental condition of Khozestan. Journal of Agriculture Science and Natural Resources, 32, 681-689. (In Persian with English Summary)
16. Isaac, L., Wood, C.W., & Shannon, D.A. (2008). Decomposition and nitrogen release of prunings from hedgerow species assessed for alley cropping in Haiti. Agronomy Journal, 92, 501-511. 2134/agronj2000.923501x
17. Jones, J.W., Hoogenboom, G., Porter, C.H., Bootee, K.J., Batchelor, W.D., Hunt, L.A., Wilkens, P.W., Singh, U., Gijsman A.J., & Ritchie, J.T. (2003). The DSSAT cropping system model. European Journal of Agronomy, 18, 235-265.
18. Kaiser, W.J., & Hannan, R.M. (1985). Effects of planting date and fungicide treatment on emergence and yield of kabuli and desi chickpea in eastern Washington State. International Chickpea News Letter, 12, 16-19.
19. Karimi, M.M., & Siddique, K.H.M. (1991). Crop growth and relative growth rates of old and modern wheat cultivers. Australian Journal Agricultural Research, 42, 13-20. https://doi.org/10.1071/AR9910013
20. Khajepour, M.R. (1993). Principles and basics of Agronomy. Isfahan university of Technology. Jihad-e- Daneshgahi. Press of Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran, 386 pp. (In Persian)
21. Khadem Hamza, H., Karimi R.M., Rezai, A., & Ahmadi, M. (2005). Effect of plant density and sowing date on agronomic traits, yield and yield components of soybean (Glycine max). Iranian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 35(3), 357-367. (In Persian with English Summary)
22. Khalil, S.K., Wahab, A., Rehman, A., & Amin, R. (2010). Density and planting date influences on phenological development, assimilate partitioning and dry matter production of faba bean. Pakistan Journal Botany, 42(6), 3831-3838. http://www.pakbs.org/pjbot/PDFs/42(6)
23. Khanjani, M., Mahmoodi, S., & Hmial-Ahmadi, M. (2010). The effect of density and relative timing of datura (Datura stramonium ) weed emergence. Journal of Crop Physiology. Islamic Azad University of Ahvaz, 7, 13-27. (In Persian with English Summary)
24. Kharrat harrat, M., & Ouchari, H. (2011). Faba bean (Vicia faba ) status and prospects in Tunisia. Grain Legumes, 56, 11-13.
25. Kianbakht, M., Zinali, A., Siahmargui, A., Sheikh, F., & Pouri, M. (2014). Determination of the best planting date for three bean (Phasaeolus vulgaris ) cultivars in Gorgan. First International Congress of Seeds and 13^th Congress of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Karaj, Iran, pp. 54-64. (In Persian with English Summary)
26. Kopke, U., & Nemecek, T. (2010). Ecological services of faba bean. Field Crops Research, 115, 217–233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2009.10.012
27. Luce, S.M., Grant, C.A., Zebarth, B.J., Ziadi, N., O’Donovan, J.T., Blackshaw, R.E., Harker, K.N., Johnson, E.N., Gan, Y., Lafond, G.P., May, W.E., Khakbazan, M., & Smith, E.G. (2015). Legumes can reduce economic optimum nitrogen rates and increaseyields in a wheat–canola cropping sequence in western Canada. Field Crops Research, 179, 12–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2015.04.003.
28. Martini, M.Y., McKenzie, B.A., Moot, D.J., & Hill, G.D. (2012). Dry matter accumulation of faba bean sown at different sowing date in Canterbury. Agronomy New Zealand 42, 43-51.
29. Miller, H.E., Rigelhof, F., Marquart, L., Prakash, A., & Kanter, M. (2000). Whole-grain products and antioxidants. Cereal Foods World, 45, 59–63.
30. Mohdal, A.R., Munira, T., & Tahawa, M. (2004). Effect of seed size and plant population density on yield and yield components of local faba bean (Vicia faba Major). Journal Agriculture Biotecnology, 6, 294-29. https://doi.org/10.21608/ejar.2011.177626
31. Naruirad, M.R., Agaie, M.J., Fanaei, H.R., & Qasemi, M. (2009). Genetic variation of some morphological and phenological traits of lentil masses in hot and dry regions.Research and Construction in Agriculture and Horticulture, 87, 173-186. (In Persian with English Summary)
32. Naseri, R., Rahimi, M.J., Siyadat, S.A., & Mirzaei, A. (2011). The effects of supplementary irrigation and different plant densities on morphological traits, yield and its components and protein content of chickpea (Cicer arietinum ) in Sirvan region in Ilam province. Iranian Journal of Pulses Research, 6(1), 78-91. (In Persian with English Summary). https://doi.org/10.22067/ijpr.v1394i1.24281
33. Nielsen, R.L., Thomison, P.R., Brown, G.A., Halter, A.L., Wells, J., & Wuethrich, K.L. (2002). Delayed planting effects on flowering and grain maturation of dentcorn. Agronomy Journal, 94, 549-558. https://doi.org/2134/agronj2002.5490
34. O'brien, P., JAllen, E.J., & Firman, D.M. (1998). A review of some studies into tuber initiation in potato (Solanum tuberosum ) crops. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge, 130, 251-270. https://doi.org/10.17/S0021859698005280
35. Okpara, D.A. (1999). Response of African yambean to sowing date and plant density. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment, 1(2), 191-197.
36. Oliver, C.R., & Annandale, J.G. (1998). Thermal time requirements for the development of green pea (Pisum Sativum ). Field Crop Research, 56, 301-307. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4290(97)00097-X
37. Omae, H., Kumar, A., & Shono, M. (2012). Adaptation to high temperature and water deficit in the common bean during the reproductive period. Journal of Botany, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/803413
38. Oplinger, E.S., Putnam, D.H., Doll, J.D., & Combs, S.M. (2000). Faba bean, Alternative field crops manual, http://W.W.W.hort.Purdue.edu /newcrop/afcm/fababean.html.
39. Panbekar, N.A., Dastan, S., Yadi, R., & Shahidifar, A. (2015). Effect of nitrogen splitting and planting row space on yield and yield components in faba bean (Vicia faba ) Barkat cultivar. Journal of Crop Production Research, 6(4), 341-355. (In Persian with English Summary)
40. Peter, G. (2000). Climate and Crops Activity, Translation, Kafi, M., Ganjali, A., Nezami, A., Shareyatmadar, F. Prees Jahad University of Mashad, Iran. pp. 311.
41. Rahmani, T., Heidari Sharif Abad, H., & Madani, H. (2012). The study of effect plantig date on yeild of red bean cultivars in Aligudarz region. New Finding Agriculture, (4), 321-335. (In Persian with English Summary)
42. Ram, H., Singh, G., Mavi, G., & Sohu, B. (2012). Accumulated heat unit requirement and yield of irrigated wheat (Triticum aestivum ) varieties under different crop growing environment in central Punjab. Journal of Agrometeorology, 14, 147-153. https://doi.org/10.54386/jam.v14i2.1414
43. Rao, V.U.M., Singh, D., & Singh, R. (2003). Heat use efficiency of winter crop in Haryana. Journal of AgroMeteorology, 1(2), 143-148. https://doi.org/10.54386/jam.v1i2.343
44. RezvaniMoghaddam, P., & Samarjan, R. (2009). Effect of different planting dates and different irrigation regimes on morphological characteristics and yield of chickpea varieties ILC3279 in Neyshabur weather conditions. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences, 2, 315-325. (In Persian with English Summary)
45. Sadeghipour, A., Ghafari Khaliq, H., & Monem, R. (2005). Effect of plant density on yield and yield components of limited and unlimited growth cultivars in red beans (Phaseolus vulgaris). Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 11(1), 149-156. (In Persian with English Summary)
46. Salehi, M., Akbari, R., & Khorshidi benam, M.B. (2008).Investigation of yield response and seed yield components of red bean cultivars. Journal of Science and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources, 43(1), 105-115. (In Persian with English Summary)
47. Sarparast, R., & Norozi, S. (2016). Histal, with high yield and suitable planting cultivar in temperate zones and Mediterranean Northern of The first International Conference on “Healthy Agriculture, Nutrition and Community (ICANC 2015). Tehran, Iran. pp. 215-225. (In Persian with English Summary)
48. Saxena, N.P. (1984). Physiology of Tropical Field Crop. Chickpea. pp. 419–452. In: P.R. Goldsworthy and N.M. Fisher (Eds). John Wiley and Sons, New York.
49. Seghatoleslami, M.J., & Ahmadi Bonakdar, K. (2010). The effect of sowing date and plant density on yield and yield components of fenugreek (Trigonella foenumgracum ) Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 26(2), 265-274. (In Persian with English Summary). https://doi.org/10.22092/ijmapr.2010.6958
50. Shah, Z., Shah, S.H., Peoples, M.B., Schwenke, G.D., & Hrridge, D.F. (2003). Crop residue and fiertilizer N effects on nitrogen fixation and yields of legume-cereal rotations and soil organic fetility. Field Crops Research, 83, 1–1137. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4290(03)00005-4
51. Singh, M.P., Lallu, K.R., & Sign, N.B. (2014). Thermal requirement of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) at different phonological stages under late sown condition. Indian Journal of Plant Physiology, 19(3), 238-243. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40502-014-0072-0
52. Sreenivas, G., Devender Reddy, M., & Raji Reddy, D. (2010). Agro-meteorological indices in relation to phenology of aerobic rice (Oryza Sativa ). Journal of Agrometeorology, 12(2), 241-24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40502-014-0072-0
53. Turk, M.A., & Tawaha, A.M. (2002). Impact of seeding rate, seeding date, rate and method of phosphorus application in faba bean (Vicia faba minor) in the absence of moisture stress. Journal of Biotechnology, Agronomy, Society and Environment, 6(3), 171-178.
54. Vaezirad, S., Shekari, F., Shirani Rad, A.H., & Zangani, A. (2008). Effect of water deficit stress at different growth stages on yield and yield components of red bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). cultivars. Modern Agricultural Knowledge, 4(10), 86-94. (In Persian with English Summary)
55. Worthington, C.M., & Hutchinson, C.M. (2005). Accumulated growing degree days as a model to determine key developmental stages and evaluate yield and quality of potato (Solanum tuberosum ) in Northeast Florida. Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural Society, 118, 98-101.
56. Yasari, T., Shahsavari, M.R., Barzegar, A.B., & Omidi, A.H. (2005). Study of developmental stages and their relationship with seed yield of advanced sunflower (Helianthus annuus ) genotype. Research and Construction in Agriculture and Horticulture, 68, 75-83. (In Persian with English Summary)