پاسخ ریحان (Ocimum bacilicum L.) به منابع مختلف تغذیه‌ای در رقابت با علف‌های هرز

پژوهشهای زراعی ایران

مقاله 6، دوره 20، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 66، تیر 1401، صفحه 197-215   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jcesc.2022.72703.1091

نویسندگان

اسماعیل معافی¹؛ فائزه زعفریان^{* 1}؛ وحید اکبرپور²؛ ایراندخت منصوری¹

¹گروه زراعت، دانشکده علوم زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران

²گروه باغبانی، دانشکده علوم زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران

چکیده

مطالعه جنبه‌های مختلف به‌زراعی گیاهان دارویی از جمله تغییرات کمی و کیفی این گیاهان در پاسخ به منابع تغذیه‌ای مختلف، از اهمیت ویژه‌ای برخوردار است. لذا پژهش حاضر به‌منظور بررسی تغییرات کمی و کیفی گیاه ریحان به منابع مختلف تغذیه‌ای در مزرعه آموزشی و پژوهشی دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری به‌صورت کرت‌های خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار انجام در سال 1396 انجام شد. فاکتورهای آزمایش شامل عامل اصلی، رقابت گیاه زراعی و علف‌های هرز (در دو سطح وجین علف هرز و عدم وجین علف هرز) و عامل فرعی منابع کودی مختلف شامل: 1- شاهد (بدون کود)، 2- کود شیمیایی (اوره + سوپر فسفات تریپل + سولفات پتاسیم)، 3- اسید هیومیک، 4- کود حیوانی (از منبع گاوی) پوسیده، 5- کود شیمیایی + اسید هیومیک، 6- کود شیمیایی + کود حیوانی، 7- کود حیوانی + اسید هیومیک و 8- محلول‌پاشیNPK (20-20-20) + micro (Fe, Zn, Mn, B)  بود. نتایج نشان داد که صفات فیتوشیمیایی از جمله فنل، فلاونوئید کل و فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی در شرایط وجود علف‌های هرز افزایش معنی‌داری را در هر دو چین نسبت به تیمار شاهد (عاری از علف هرز) نشان داد. بیشترین میزان وزن تر کل در چین اول (11527 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و چین دوم (15077 کیلوگرم در هکتار) مربوط به تیمار کود شیمیایی + اسید هیومیک بود؛ همچنین تیمار کود حیوانی + اسید هیومیک بیشترین وزن خشک کل در چین اول (3/1822 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و چین دوم (01/2426 کیلوگرم در هکتار) را به خود اختصاص داد. لازم به ذکر است که حضور علف‌های هرز موجب کاهش وزن تر و خشک کل نسبت به شرایط کنترل علف‌های هرز گردید؛ به گونه‌ای که عملکرد تر و خشک کل در چین اول به‌ترتیب به میزان 31/50 و 29/42 درصد و در چین دوم به‌ترتیب به میزان 69/48 و 58/49 درصد کاهش یافت. تیمارهای تغذیه‎ای روی تراکم و زیست‌توده­ی علف­‌های هرز تأثیر داشت؛ به‌طوری­که در مرحله اول و دوم نمونه‌برداری، تیمار شیمیایی دارای بیشترین تراکم (به‌ترتیب 33/49 و 36 بوته در متر مربع) و زیست‌‌توده علف‌­های هرز (به‌ترتیب 25/188 و 25/155 گرم در متر مربع) بود. کاربرد تلفیقی کودهای آلی دارای تأثیر مثبت بر صفات مورد بررسی بود. در مجموع استفاده از کودهای آلی ضمن کاهش هزینه‌های تولید ناشی از مصرف کودهای شیمیایی، موجب کاهش وزن خشک علف‌های هرز و در پی آن کاهش خسارات ناشی از رقابت می‌شوند، به همین دلیل روش مناسبی برای تولید سالم و پایدار این‌گونه محصولات می‌باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

اسید هیومیک؛ تنش رقابتی؛ فنل؛ فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی؛ گیاهان دارویی

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