تأثیر کاربرد همزمان کودهای آلی و سولفات پتاسیم بر عملکرد و خصوصیات گل و کلاله زعفران (Crocus sativus L.)

پژوهشهای زراعی ایران

مقاله 6، دوره 20، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 67، مهر 1401، صفحه 319-333   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jcesc.2022.74419.1133

نویسندگان

محسن مرادی¹؛ پرویز رضوانی مقدم^{* 2}؛ رضا خراسانی³

¹دانشجوی دکترای گروه اگروتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، پردیس بین‌الملل دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

²گروه اگروتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

³گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

چکیده

به‌منظور ارزیابی تأثیر کودهای مختلف بر خصوصیات گل زعفران آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در طی سه سال زراعی 95-1394، 96-1395 و 97-1396 در شهرستان جوین اجرا شد. فاکتور اول شامل سه نوع کود آلی مرغی تخم‌گذار (5 و 10 تن در هکتار)، گوشتی (5 و 10 تن در هکتار)، کود گاوی (20 و 40 تن در هکتار) و شاهد و فاکتور دوم مقادیر مختلف کود سولفات پتاسیم (صفر، 100 و 150 کیلوگرم در هکتار) بود. نتایج نشان داد در سال دوم، بیشترین تعداد گل و وزن خامه در متر مربع در تیمار 150 کیلوگرم در هکتار سولفات پتاسیم و 40 تن در هکتار کود گاوی در هکتار به‌دست آمد که نسبت به تیمار شاهد بدون استفاده از کود دامی و سولفات پتاسیم به‌ترتیب به میزان 90 و 142 درصد بیشتر بود. بیشترین وزن تر گل در متر مربع در هر دو سال، تعداد گل در متر مربع در سال سوم در تیمار 150 کیلوگرم در هکتار سولفات پتاسیم و 10 تن در هکتار کود مرغی تخم‌گذار در هکتار حاصل شد. بیشترین وزن خشک کلاله در متر مربع و وزن خشک گل بدون کلاله و خامه در متر مربع در سال دوم در تیمار 100 کیلوگرم در هکتار سولفات پتاسیم و 40 تن در هکتار کود گاوی مشاهده شد. بیشترین وزن خشک کلاله (96 درصد نسبت به شاهد) و خامه (104 درصد نسبت به تیمار شاهد) در سال سوم در تیمار 100 کیلوگرم در هکتار سولفات پتاسیم و 10 تن در هکتار کود مرغی گوشتی و وزن خشک گل بدون کلاله و خامه در سال سوم در تیمار 150 کیلوگرم در هکتار سولفات پتاسیم و 10 تن در هکتار کود مرغی گوشتی حاصل شد. به‌طور کلی، با توجه به یافته‌های این پژوهش، به نظر می‌رسد با کاربرد همزمان مقادیر بهینه نهاده‌های اکولوژیک و کود شیمیایی سولفات پتاسیم می‌توان ضمن بهبود خصوصیات گل زعفران اثرات مخرب مصرف بی‌رویه کودهای شیمیایی در این گیاه دارویی ارزشمند را کاهش داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

تعداد گل؛ کود گاوی؛ کود مرغی گوشتی؛ گیاه دارویی؛ نهاده اکولوژیک

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