برآورد زمانی ـ فضایی بارش با استفاده از داده‌های ماهواره‌ی GPM در حوضه‌ی آبریز جازموریان

آب و خاک

مقاله 10، دوره 36، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 81، فروردین و اردیبهشت 1401، صفحه 145-165   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jsw.2022.73483.1113

نویسندگان

کوهزاد رئیس پور¹؛ برومند صلاحی^{* 2}؛ بهروز آباد³

¹دانشکده علوم انسانی، گروه جغرافیا، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران

²استاد اقلیم شناسی، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی، گروه جغرافیا، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

³دانشجوی دکترای اقلیم شناسی، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی، گروه جغرافیا، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

چکیده

بارش به عنوان مهم­ترین متغیر در چرخه­ی هیدرولوژیکی تأمین کننده­ی آب، نقش مهمی در تداوم حیات سیاره­ی زمین ایفا می­کند. پایداری اکوسیستم­های مختلف گیاهی و جانوری در حوضه­ی آبریز جازموریان وابستگی بسیار زیادی به مقدار بارش دارد. تغییرپذیری بالای بارش، تاب­آوری این حوضه را با چالشی جدی روبرو نموده است. با توجه به کمبود ایستگاه­های زمینی و پراکنش نامناسب آن­ها در این حوضه، در تحقیق حاضر به واکاوی تغییرات زمانی ـ فضایی بارش طی دوره­ی (2019-2001) با استفاده از داده­های ماهواره­ی سنجش جهانی بارش (GPM) پرداخته ‌شد. در ابتدا داده­های بارش مورد نیاز با تفکیک فضایی 1/0 _× 1/0 درجه و تفکیک زمانی ماهانه، فصلی و سالانه فراهم گردید. پس از انجام پیش پردازش­های لازم در محیط نرم­افزارهای گرافیکی و آماری، با استفاده از روش­های زمین آماری نرم­افزار GIS به پهنه ­بندی توزیع فضایی بارش اقدام و در نهایت به تفسیر خروجی­های مربوطه پرداخته شد. براساس نتایج، توزیع فضایی بارش حوضه­ی آبریز جازموریان در دوره­ی آماری مورد مطالعه از 232-83 میلی­متر متغیر بوده است. بیشینه­ی بارش در بخش­های شمالی و غربی و کمینه­ی آن در نواحی مرکزی و شرقی حوضه رخ داده است. به لحاظ توزیع فصلی، مقدار بارش در زمستان 73، بهار 47، تابستان 12 و پاییز نیز 12 میلی­متر برآورد گردید. واکاوی بارش ماهانه نیز بیان­گر رخداد بیش­ترین مقدار بارش در ماه­های مارس (33 میلی­متر) و فوریه (32 میلی­متر) و کم­ترین آن در ماه­های سپتامبر (1 میلی­متر) و می، ژوئن و اکتبر (3 میلی­متر) است. به طور کلی، نتایج حاکی از تغییر­پذیری بالای بارش و حاکمیت شرایط خشک در حوضه­ی آبریز جازموریان است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

بارش؛ حوضه‌ی آبریز جازموریان؛ زمانی ـ فضایی؛ ماهواره‌یGPM

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