1. Abbott, L. J., Daugherty, B., Parker, S., & Peters, G. F. (2016). Internal audit quality and financial reporting quality: The joint importance of independence and competence. Journal of Accounting Research, 54(1), pp. 3-40. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-679X.12099
2. AL Fayi, S.M. (2022), Internal audit quality and resistance to pressure, Journal of Money and Business, 2(1), pp. 57-69. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMB-11-2021-00
3. Alleyne, P., Hudaib, M., & Pike, R. (2013), “Towards a conceptual model of whistleblowing intentions among external auditors”, The British Accounting Review, Vol. 45 No.1 pp. 10–23
4. Alqudah, H.M., Amran, N.A. and Hassan, H. (2019), “Factors affecting the internal auditors’ effectiveness in the Jordanian public sector: The moderating effect of task complexity”, EuroMed Journal of Business, Vol. 14 No. 3 pp. 251-273. https://doi.org/10.1108/EMJB-03-2019-0049
5. Alzeban, A. (2015), influence of audit committees on internal audit conformance with internal audit standards, Managerial Auditing Journal, 30(6/7), pp. 539-559. https://doi.org/10.1108/MAJ-12-2014-1132
6. Amos, B., & Klimoski, R. J. (2014). Courage: Making teamwork work well. Group & Organization Management, 39(1), pp. 110-128. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1059601113520407
7. Armstrong, M. (2006). Handbook of Human Resource Management Practice, (10th ed.). London: Kogan Page, Limited, pp.36-62.
8. Armstrong, M. B., Ketz, J. E., & Owsen, D. (2003). Ethics education in accounting: Moving toward ethical motivation and ethical behavior. Journal of Accounting Education, 21(1), pp. 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0748-5751(02)00017-9
9. Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice‐Hall, New Jersey, United States
10. Bergheim, K., Nielsen, M. B., Mearns, K., & Eid, J. (2015). The relationship between psychological capital, job satisfaction, and safety perceptions in the maritime industry. Safety Science, 74(11), 27–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2014.11.024
11. Beyrami, L., Kiyani, A., Beyrami, V., Ghemirad, M, H. (2019). The effectiveness of internal control instructions of the stock exchange organization in cement listed companies. Economic magazine (bimonthly review of economic issues and policies), 18(3/4):43-70.
12. Block, J., & Kremen, A. M. (1996). IQ and ego‐resiliency: Conceptual and empirical connections and separateness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70(2), 349–361. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0022-3514.70.2.349
13. Burke, R. J. (2013). Encouraging voice: Why it matters. In R. J. Burke & C. L. Cooper (Eds), Voice and Whistleblowing in Organizations: Overcoming Fear, Fostering Courage, and Unleashing Candour, Edward Elgar Publishing, United Kingdom.
https://doi.org/10.4337/9781781005927.00009
14. Caprara, M. G., Steca, P., & De Leo, G. (2003). La misura dell'ego‐resiliency [Ego‐resiliency measurement]. Ricerche di Psicologia, 26, 7–23.
15. Cassematis, P. G., Wortley, R. (2013). Prediction of whistleblowing or non‐reporting observation: The role of personal and situational factors. Journal of Business Ethics, 117(3), pp. 615–634. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-012-1548-3
16. Chemers, M. M., Watson, C. B., & May, S. T. (2000). Dispositional affect and leadership effectiveness: A comparison of self‐esteem, optimism, and efficacy. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26(3), pp. 267–277. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0146167200265001
17. Cohen, J. R., Pant, L. W., & Sharp, D. J. (1998). The effect of gender and academic discipline diversity on the ethical evaluations, ethical intentions and ethical orientation of potential public accounting recruits. Accounting Horizons, 12(3): 250–270.
18. Detert, J. R., & Burris, E. R. (2007). Leadership behavior and employee voice: Is the door really open?. Academy of management journal, 50(4), pp. 869-884. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2007.26279183
19. Edmondson, A. (2002). Managing the risk of learning: psychological safety in work teams. International Handbook of organizational teamwork, London: Blackwell, London, England 20. Engemann, K. N., & Scott, C. W. (2020). Voice in safety-oriented organizations: Examining the intersection of hierarchical and mindful social contexts. Human Resource Management Review, 30(1), A. 100650. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2018.05.002
21. Everett, J., & Tremblay, M. S. (2014). Ethics and internal audit: Moral will and moral skill in a heteronomous field. Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 25(3), PP. 181-196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpa.2013.10.002
22. Farkas, M., Hirsch, R. and Kokina, J. (2019). Internal auditor communications: an experimental investigation of managerial perceptions, Managerial Auditing Journal, 34(4): 462-485. https://doi.org/10.1108/MAJ-06-2018-1910
23. Fornell, C., Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error, Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1): 39-50.
24. Fredrickson, B. L., Tugade, M. M., Waugh, C. E., & Larkin, G. R. (2003). What good are positive emotions in crisis: A prospective study on resilience and emotions following the terrorist attacks on the United States on September 11th, 2001?, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(2), pp. 365–376.
25. Goldberg, C. B., Clark, M. A., & Henley, A. B. (2011). Speaking up: A conceptual model of voice responses following the unfair treatment of others in non‐union settings. Human Resource Management, 50(1), pp. 75-94. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.20402
26. Goodwin, J., & Yeo, T. Y. (2001). Two factors affecting internal audit independence and objectivity: Evidence from Singapore. International Journal of auditing, 5(2), pp. 107-125. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1099-1123.2001.00329.x
27. Goud, N. H. (2005). Courage: Its nature and development. The Journal of Humanistic Counseling, Education and Development, 44(1), pp. 102-116. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2164-490X.2005.tb00060.x
28. Hair, J. F., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2011). PLS-SEM: Indeed a silver bullet. Journal of Marketing theory and Practice, 19(2), pp. 139-152. https://doi.org/10.2753/MTP1069-6679190202
29. Halbouni, S. S. (2015). The Role of Auditors in Preventing, Detecting, and Reporting Fraud: The Case of the United Arab Emirates (UAE). International Journal of Auditing, 19(2), pp. 117-130. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijau.12040
30. Hames, K. M. (2012). Employees’ voice climate perceptions and perceived importance of voice behavior: links with important work-related outcomes. Thesis of Bachelor of Psychology (Honors), Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
31. Hannah, S. T., & Avolio, B. J. (2010). Moral potency: Building the capacity for character-based leadership. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research, 62(4), pp. 291-310. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/a0022283
32. Harrington, C. (2004). Internal audit's new role. Journal of Accountancy, 198(3), 65-70
33. Hass, S., Abdolmohammadi, M.J. and Burnaby, P. (2006). The Americas literature review on internal auditing, Managerial Auditing Journal. 21(8), pp. 835-844. https://doi.org/10.1108/02686900610703778
34. Hulland, J. (1999). Use of partial least squares (PLS) in strategic management research: A review of four recent studies. Strategic Management Journal, 20(2): 195-204.
35. Institute of Internal Auditors (IIA). (2015). Global Internal Audit Common Body of Knowledge (CBOK) Practitioner Study. The IIA Research Foundation. Altamonte Springs, FL: IIA. Lake Mary, USA
36. James, K. L. (2003). The effects of internal audit structure on perceived financial statement fraud prevention. Accounting Horizons, 17(4), pp. 315-327. https://doi.org/10.2308/acch.2003.17.4.315
37. Jayalakshmy, R., Seetharaman, A., & Khong, T. W. (2005). The changing role of the auditors. Managerial Auditing Journal, 20(3), pp. 249-271. https://doi.org/10.1108/02686900510585591
38. Keil, M., Tiwana, A., Sainsbury, R., & Sneha, S. (2010). Toward a theory of whistleblowing intentions: A benefit‐to‐cost differential perspective. Decision Sciences, 41(4), pp. 787-812. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5915.2010.00288.x
39. Khelil, I. and Khlif, H. (2022). Internal auditors’ perceptions of their role as assurance providers: a qualitative study in the Tunisian public sector, Meditari Accountancy Research, 30(1), 121-141. https://doi.org/10.1108/MEDAR-04-2020-0861
40. Khelil, I., Akrout, O., Hussainey, Kh., Noubbigh, H. (2018b). Breaking the silence: An empirical analysis of the drivers of internal auditors' moral courage, International Journal Audit, 22(2), pp. 268-284. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijau.12119
41. Khelil, I., Hussainey, K. and Noubbigh, H. (2016), Audit committee – internal audit interaction and moral courage, Managerial Auditing Journal, 31(4-5), pp. 403-433. https://doi.org/10.1108/MAJ-06-2015-1205
42. Khelil, I., Hussainey, K., & Noubbigh, H. (2018a). Chief audit executives' perceptions of drivers of moral courage: Tunisian evidence. International Journal of Accounting, Auditing and Performance Evaluation, 14(4), pp. 315-337.
43. Libby, T., & Thorne, L. (2007). The development of a measure of auditors’ virtue. Journal of Business Ethics, 71(1), pp. 89-99. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-006-9127-0
44. Liu, D., Wu, J., & Ma, J. C. (2009). Organizational silence: A survey on employees working in a telecommunication company. Computers & Industrial Engineering, IEEE Conference Publications, Troyes, France
45. Lopez, S. J., O'Byrne, K. K., & Petersen, S. (2003). Profiling courage. In S. J. Lopez, & C. R. Snyder (Eds.), Positive psychology assessment: A handbook of models and measures. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. pp. 185–197. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/10612-012
46. Luthans, F. (2002). The need for and meaning of positive organizational behavior. Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 23(6), pp. 695-706. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.165
47. Luthans, F., Avolio, B. J., Avey, J. B., & Norman, S. M. (2007). Positive psychological capital: Measurement and relationship with performance and satisfaction. Personnel psychology, 60(3), pp. 541-572. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2007.00083.x
48. Mahdavi, G., & Ebrahimi, F. (2013). Professional Values and Ethical Perception of Internal Auditors of Iran Medical Sciences Universities. Journal of health accounting, 2(3), pp. 54-67.(In Persian).
49. Mahdavi, G., Zamani, R. (2018). The effect of personal characteristics of auditors on their job satisfaction, Journal of audit science, 18(71), pp. 37-56. (In Persian).
50. Mayer, D. M., Nurmohamed, S., Treviño, L. K., Shapiro, D. L., & Schminke, M. (2013). Encouraging employees to report unethical conduct internally: It takes a village. Organizational behavior and human decision processes, 121(1), pp. 89-103.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2013.01.002
51. Moradi, J., & Zakizadeh, Z. (2014). The Effect of Ethical Leadership, Internal Audit Function and Moral Intensity on Financial Reporting Decisions. Journal of Knowledge Accounting, 5(18), pp. 141-163. (In Persian). https://dx.doi.org/10.22103/jak.2014.863
52. Morales-Sánchez, R., & Cabello-Medina, C. (2013). The role of four universal moral competencies in ethical decision-making. Journal of business ethics, 116(4), pp. 717-734. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-013-1817-9
53. Mousavi Kashi, Z., Mohseni Kabir, Z. (2019). Investigating the Impact of Organizational Silence on Professional and Ethical Performance of Auditors.َ AAPC, 4(7): 135-180
54. Naqavi Moqadam, A., & Fahima, M. (2013). A comparative study of polyphonic behavior in organizations, a case study of Sepah Bank, Sepah Bank Quarterly, 144(1), pp. 39- 41. (In Persian).
55. Nikbakht, M., & Ghods Hasan Abad, M. (2018). Internal audit function from the internal audit managers view: Classical method of grounded theory. Journal of Management Accounting and Auditing Knowledge, 7(28), pp. 187-200. (In Persian).
56. O’Leary, C. and Stewart, J. (2007). Governance Factors Affecting Internal Auditors’ Ethical Decision Making: An Exploratory Study. Managerial Auditing Journal, 22(8), pp. 787-808. https://doi.org/10.1108/02686900710819643
57. Okhravi Joghan, A., Rahimian, N., & GharehDaghi, M. (2018). Factors Affecting the Internal Audit Effectiveness in the Viewpoint of Audit Committee Members. Accounting and Auditing Review, 25(3), pp. 311-326. (In Persian).
58. Osswald, S., Frey, D., & Streicher, B. (2012). Moral courage. In E. Kals, & J. Maes (Eds.), Justice and conflicts. Berlin: Springer. Berlin Germany. pp. 391–405. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19035-3_24
59. Parker, S. K. (1998). Enhancing role breadth self-efficacy: the roles of job enrichment and other organizational interventions. Journal of applied psychology, 83(6), pp. 835-852. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0021-9010.83.6.835
60. Pury, C. L., Kowalski, R. M., & Spearman, J. (2007). Distinctions between general and personal courage. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 2(2), pp. 99-114. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760701237962
61. Rahmaninia, E., & Yaghobnezhad, A. (2017). Effective Factors on Ethical Decision Making in Internal Audit. Journal of Management Accounting and Auditing Knowledge, 6(24), pp. 145-166. (In Persian)
62. Rhoades, L., & Eisenberger, R. (2002). Perceived organizational support: a review of the literature. Journal of applied psychology, 87(4), pp. 698-714.
63. Roussy, M. (2012). Comment apprécier la compétence d’un auditeur interne? L’opinion des membres du comité d’audit. Télescope: revue d’analyse comparée en administration publique, 18(3), pp. 33-51. https://doi.org/10.7202/1013774ar
64. Safarzadeh, M. H., & Karimdad, A. (2020). The Drivers Affecting Internal Auditors' Moral Courage. Financial accounting knowledge, 7(1), pp. 133-155. (In Persian). https://dx.doi.org/10.30479/jfak.2020.12025.2578
65. Sekerka, L. E., Bagozzi, R. P. (2007). Moral courage in the workplace: Moving to and from
the desire and decision to act. Business Ethics: A European Review, 16(2), pp. 132–149.
66. Sekerka, L. E., Bagozzi, R. P., & Charnigo, R. (2009). Facing ethical challenges in the workplace: Conceptualizing and measuring professional moral courage. Journal of Business Ethics, 89(4), pp. 565-579. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-008-0017-5
67. Skitka, J. L. (2012). Moral convictions and moral courage: Common denominators of good and evil. In M. Mikulincer, & P. R. Shaver (Eds.), The social psychology of morality: Exploring the causes of good and evil. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. pp. 349–365
68. Snyder, C. R., Sympson, S. C., Ybasco, F. C., Borders, T. F., Babyak, M. A., & Higgins, R. L. (1996). Development and validation of the State Hope Scale. Journal of personality and social psychology, 70(2), pp. 321-335. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0022-3514.70.2.321
69. Stewart, J. and Subramaniam, N. (2010), Internal audit independence and objectivity: emerging research opportunities, Managerial Auditing Journal, 25(4), pp. 328-360. https://doi.org/10.1108/02686901011034162.
70. Tang, F., Yang, L. and Gan, H. (2020). Internal auditors’ reputation and managers’ reliance decision, Managerial Auditing Journal, 32(8): 768-787. https://doi.org/10.1108/MAJ-04-2016-1366
71. Travis, D. J., Gomez, R. J., & Barak, M. E. M. (2011). Speaking up and stepping back: Examining the link between employee voice and job neglect. Children and Youth Services Review, 33(10), pp. 1831-1841. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2011.05.008
72. Van Dyne, L., & LePine, J. A. (1998). Helping and voice extra-role behaviors: Evidence of construct and predictive validity. Academy of Management journal, 41(1), pp. 108-119. https://doi.org/10.5465/256902
73. Zaman, M. and Sarens, G. (2013), Informal interactions between audit committees and internal audit functions: Exploratory evidence and directions for future research, Managerial Auditing Journal, 28(6), pp. 495-515. https://doi.org/10.1108/02686901311329892