تاثیر کاربرد ورمی‌کمپوست و باکتری‌های محرک رشد گیاه (PGPR) بر عملکرد، صفات رویشی و متابولیت‌های ثانویه ریحان (L. Ocimum basilicuum)

علوم باغبانی

مقاله 4، دوره 36، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 55، آذر 1401، صفحه 591-602   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jhs.2022.69740.1059

نویسندگان

سلیمه مختومی¹؛ شبنم خوشبخت^{* 2}؛ عباسعلی نوری نیا³

¹گروه باغبانی، موسسه آموزش عالی بهاران، گرگان، ایران

²موسسه آموزش عالی بهاران، گرگان، ایران

³مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گلستان، گرگان، ایران

چکیده

استفاده زیاد از کود­‌های شیمیایی در روش­های متداول کشاورزی سبب فرسایش خاک و آلودگی منابع آبی شده و در کاهش کیفیت محصولات نیز تاثیر دارد. کاربرد کود­های بیولوژیک در خاک و آب آلودگی ایجاد نمی­کند در عین حال کیفیت مواد غذایی را افزایش می­دهند. این آزمایش برای بررسی اثرات ورمی­کمپوست، کود­های حاوی عناصر معدنی و باکتری­های محرک رشد گیاه (PGPR) بر روی برخی صفات گیاه ریحان Ocimum basilicuum L.)) در روستای قزلجه استان گلستان در سال 1397 انجام شد. بدین منظور دو عامل کاربرد ورمی­کمپوست (در سه سطح a₁: بدون مصرف، a₂: مصرف به نسبت 10 درصد و a₃: مصرف به نسبت 20 درصد وزنی خاک) و مصرف کود­های بیولوژیک و عناصر طبیعی افزایش دهنده رشد گیاه (در سه سطحb₁ : بدون مصرف، b₂: استفاده از باکتری باسیلوس سوبتیلیس (Bacillus subtillis) و b₃: استفاده از ترکیبات عناصر طبیعی) مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. آزمایش بصورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در فضای آزاد به صورت کشت گلدانی اجرا شد. برای اندازه­گیری صفات مورفولوژیک، مقدار فنل و فلاونوئید کل در زمان کامل شدن مرحله رویشی گیاه نمونه­گیری انجام شد. مقدار ترکیبات فنل کل با استفاده از روش فولین سیوکالتو و سنجش میزان فلاونوئید کل به روش رنگ سنجی آلومینیوم کلرید اندازه­گیری شد. نتایج تجزیه واریانس داده­ها نشان داد، بین سطوح مختلف استفاده از ورمی­کمپوست از نظر صفات وزن­تر و خشک ‌ریشه، وزن‌­تر و خشک ساقه، طول ساقه، وزن­‌تر و سطح برگ در سطح یک درصد و وزن خشک برگ تفاوت معنی‌داری در سطح پنج درصد وجود داشت. همچنین اثر کود­های بیولوژیک و عناصر طبیعی افزاینده رشد گیاه بر صفات وزن­‌تر ریشه و وزن خشک ساقه معنی­دار شد. حداکثر مقدار فنل کل بین تیمار­ها به ورمی­کمپوست 20 درصد به میزان 98/1 میلی­گرم­بر­گرم و کود پروبیو 96 (حاوی باکتری باسیلوس سوبتیلیس) به مقدار 96/1 میلی­گرم­برگرم حاصل شد. همچنین حداکثر مقدار فلاونوئید کل در گیاهان تیمار شده با ورمی­کمپوست 20 درصد و استفاده از باکتری باسیلوس سوبتیلیس (Bacillus subtillis)  به ترتیب 13/92 میلی­گرم­بر­گرم و 22/91 میلی­گرم­بر­گرم به دست آمد. نتایج نشان می­دهد ورمی­کمپوست بیش­ترین تاثیر را بر اندام­های مورد هدف مانند سطح برگ، وزن­تر و خشک برگ گیاه ریحان داشت. به طور کلی نتایج این آزمایش نشان داد، استفاده ورمی­کمپوست 20 درصد و کود حاوی باکتری باسیلوس سوبتیلیس (Bacillus subtillis) مناسب­ترین ترکیب تغذیه­ای گیاه ریحان می­باشد. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

باسیلوس سوبتیلیس؛ ریحان؛ فلاونوئید؛ فنل؛ ورمی‌کمپوست

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