ارزیابی وضعیت آبی و مراحل بحرانی آن در ژنوتیپ‌های جو (Hordeum vulgare) دیم با استفاده از شاخص تنش آبی گیاه (CWSI)

آب و خاک

مقاله 3، دوره 36، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 82، خرداد و تیر 1401، صفحه 197-213   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jsw.2022.75527.1146

نویسنده

ولی فیضی اصل^*

موسسه تحقیقات کشاورزی دیم کشور

چکیده

تنش رطوبتی حاصل از کمبود بارندگی (تنش خشکی) و گرما (تنش گرمایی) از عمده‌ترین تنش‌های محیطی می‌باشد که بر تولید محصولات زراعی در مناطق خشک و نیمه خشک اثر منفی می‌گذارد. مطالعه به‌منظور تعیین آستانه تنش رطوبتی با استفاده از پارامترهای تنش گرمایی مرتبط با وضعیت آبی گیاه و شناسایی و معرفی لاین‌های مقاوم به این تنش‌ها انجام گرفت. آزمایش به‌صورت کرت‌های خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار و در شرایط تنش آبی (دیم) و بدون تنش آبی (50 میلی‌متر آبیاری تکمیلی در زمان کاشت و 30 میلی­متر در مرحله آبستن) در کرت اصلی و 15 ژنوتیپ جو در کرت‌ فرعی در دو سال زراعی (95-1394 و 97-1396) در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی دیم (مراغه) به اجرا در ‌آمد. صفات گیاهی، عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد، دمای پوشش سبز (Tc) در 6 مرحله از ظهور برگ پرچم (ZGS55) الی خمیری نرم (ZGS85) و NDVI در 7 مرحله از ظهور اولین گره (ZGS31) الی خمیری نرم (ZGS85) اندازه­گیری شد. با استفاده از شاخص CWSI، آستانه تنش رطوبتی برای ژنوتیپ­های جو 75/0 و آستانه دمای بحرانی 2/24 درجه سانتی­گراد معادل با 3/7 میلی­متر بر روز تبخیر-تعرق پتانسیل (ET₀) و 99/4 کیلوپاسکال کمبود فشار بخار هوا (VPD) تعیین شد. حداکثر تنش رطوبتی قابل تحمل (CWSI) به عنوان مبنای توقف کامل تعرق و فتوسنتز در گیاه جو، Tc و تبخیر-تعرق پتانسیل (ET₀) به ترتیب 04/1، 7/32 درجه سانتی­گراد و 01/11 میلی­متر بر روز به‌دست آمد. شروع مرحله بحرانی از 20 خرداد (261 روز از اول مهر ماه) معادل با شروع گلدهی (ZGS60) بود. در نهایت ژنوتیپ­های انصار،ChiCm/An57//Albert ، Sahand/C-25041 و Ste/Antares//YEA762 مقاوم به تنش و مناسب برای شرایط دیم و ژنوتیپ‌های آبیدر، Sahand/C-25041، قره­آرپا، ChiCm/An57//Albert و ماکویی برای شرایط آبیاری تکمیلی توصیه می­شوند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

آستانه تنش رطوبتی؛ شرایط دیم و آبیاری تکمیلی؛ دمای پوشش سبز

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