- Abu al-Fida, I., (--). Taghvime Al-Baldan. Egypt, Cairo: Religious Culture School.
- Adontz, N., (1970). Armenia in the Period of Justinian: The Political Conditions Based on the Naxarar System. (Nina G. Garsoïan. Trans). Lisbon: Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation.
- Al-Qazwini, Z.M.M., (1994). Asar al Ebad va Akhbar al Ebad. Iran, Tehran: Amirkabir [in Persian].
- Ammianus Marcellinus, (1935). Ammianus Marcellinus with English (John C. Rolfe Trans.). (The Loeb Classical Library). In three volumes, London, W. Heinemann.
- Asmussen, Y.P., (2002). Christianity in Iran. the history of Iran from the Seleucids to the collapse of the Sassanid state. (Hassan Anousheh, Trans.). Iran, Tehran: Amirkabir. [in Persian].
- (1992). Report and Research of Jalil Dostkhah. Iran, Tehran: Morvarid [in Persian].
- Baladhari, A.H.A.Y., (1958). Fotouh Al-Buldan. (Muhammad Tawakkul, Trans.). Iran, Tehran: Noghreh [in Persian].
- Blockley, R.C., (2007). Warfare and diplomacy. In The Cambridge Ancient History, vol. XIII, The Late Empire, a.d. 337-425. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, (pp. 411-436).
- G.W., (1987). Julian the Apostate. Cambridghe: Harvard University Press
- Brucius, M., (2009). Ancient Iran. (Issa Abdi, Trans.). Iran, Tehran: Mahi [in Persian].
- Daryaee, T., (2002). Shahrestanihay-e Eranshahr, A Middle Persian Text on Late Antique Geography, Epic, and History. Costa Mesa, Californi: Mazda.
- Daryaee, T., (2004). Sassanid Empire. (Morteza Saghebfar, Trans.). Iran, Tehran: Ghoghnous [in Persian].
- Diakonov, A.M., (1991). History of the Medes. (Karim Keshavarz, Trans.). Iran, Tehran: Elmi and Farhangi [in Persian].
- Dignas, B., Winter, E., (2007). Rome and Persia in Late Antiquity: Neighbours and Rivals. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.
- Fry, R., (2004). Political History of the Sassanids. History of Iran Iran from the Seleucids to the collapse of the Sassanid state. (Hassan Anousheh, Trans.). Iran, Tehran: Amirkabi [in Persian].
- Gershman, R., (2001). Iran from the beginning to Islam. (Mohammad Moin, Trans.). Iran, Tehran: Elmi and Farhangi [in Persian].
- Gnoli, G., (1987). Avestan Geography. http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/avestan-geography.
- Hafez Ebro, S.A.K., (1996). Geography of Hafez Ebro. Iran, Tehran: Mirase Maktoub [in Persian].
- Hafeznia, M.R., & Janparvar, M., (2017). Borders and Globalization (with a brief look at Iran's borders). Iran, Tehran: Institute for Strategic Studies [in Persian].
- Hafeznia, M.R., & Kaviani Rad, M., (2004). New Horizons in Political Geography. Iran, Tehran: SAMT [in Persian].
- Hafeznia, M.R., (2006). Principles and Concepts of Geopolitics. Iran, Mashhad: Papoli Publications [in Persian].
- Hamavi Baghdadi, Y., (2004). Mujam Al Buldan. (Alinaghi Manzavi, Trans.). Iran, Tehran: Cultural Heritage Organization [in Persian].
- Hamdollah M., (2002). Nozha al-Qulub. (Corrected by Dabir Siyaghi). Iran, Qazvin: hadithe emroz [in Persian].
- Honigmann, E., (C. E. Bosworth), (1993). Naşībīn, in the Encyclopedia of Islam Prepared by Number of Leading Orientalists.Leiden-New York, E.J. Brill, pp. 983-984.
- Ibn A’tham Kufi, M., (1993). Al-Futuh. (Ahmad Mostofi Heravi, Transs.). Gholam Reza Tabatabaei Majd(Ed). Iran, Tehran: Islamic Revolution Publications and Education [in Persian].
- Ibn al-Faqih Hamedani, Abu Bakr Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Ishaq, (1970). Mukhtasar Kitab al-Buldan (section related to Iran). (H. Massoud, Trans.). Iran, Tehran: Iranian Culture Foundation [in Persian].
- Ibn Athir, A. (1992). Al Kamel Fi Al Tarikh. (Abbas Khalili and Abu al-Qasim Halat, Trans.). Iran, Tehran: Elmi Farhangi [in Persian].
- Ibn Battuta shams al-Din Abi Abdullah Muhammad bin Abdullah al-Lawati al-Tanji, (1997). The Journey of ibn Battuta. (Muhammad Ali Moahd, Trans.). Iran, Tehran: Agah [in Persian].
- Ibn Ebri, (1998). Tarikh Mokhtasar Al-doval. (Abd al-Muhammad Ayati, Trans.). Iran, Tehran: Elmi and Farhangi [in Persian].
- Ibn Khaldun, (1984). History of Ibn Khaldun. (Abdul Mohammad Ayati, Trans.). Iran, Tehran: Institute of Cultural Studies and Research [in Persian].
- Ibn Khordadbeh, (1991). Al Masalek & Mamalek ibn Khordadbeh. (H. Gharehkhani, Trans.). Iran, Tehran: Motarjem [in Persian].
- Kettenhofen, E., (1984). Die Einforderung des Achämenidenerbes durch Ardašir: eine interpretatio romana. (np): Orientalia Lovaniensia Periodica 15, str. 177. – 190.
- Khorni, M., (2001). History of Armenians. (Edik Baghdasarian, ). Iran, Tehran: (np).[in Persian].
- Kristensen, A., (1996). Iran during the Sassanids. (Rashid Yasemi, Trans.). Iran, Tehran: Donyaye Ketab [in Persian].
- Lestering, G., (1998). Historical Geography of the Eastern Caliphate Lands. (Mahmoud Erfan, Trans.). Iran, Tehran: Elmi & Farhangi [in Persian].
- Lieu, S., (2006). Nisibis. http://www.iranicaonline.org.
- Malairi, M.M., (2000). History and culture of Iran during the transition from the Sassanid era to the Islamic era. Iran, Tehran: Toos [in Persian].
- Marquat, Y., (1962). Iranshahr. (Karim Taherzadeh Behzad, Trans.). Language and Literature, No. 4, 71-80 [in Persian].
- Marquat, Y., (2004). Iranshahr in the Geography of Ptolemy. (Maryam Mir Ahmadi, Trans.). Iran, Tehran: Tahoori [in Persian].
- Masoudi, Abul-Hassan Ali Bin Al-Hussein, (1986). Al-tanbih & Al-eshraf. (Abu Al-Qasim Payandeh Trans.). Iran, Tehran: Elmi and Farhangi [in Persian].
- Menander P., (1985). History of Menander the Guardsman. Blockley: Liverpool, 1985.
- Moqaddasi, Motahar Ibn Tahir, (1995). Afarinesh & Tarikh. (Mohammad Reza Shafi'i Kadkani, Trans.). Iran, Tehran: Agah [in Persian].
- Muqaddasī, Abu Abdullah Muhammad bin Ahmad, (1982). Ahsan al-taqasim fi ma'rifat al-aqalim. (Alinqi Manzavi, Trans.). Iran, Tehran: Sherkt moalefan & motarjemane Iran [in Persian].
- Noldeke, T., (1999). History of Iranians and Arabs during the Sassanid period. Iran, Tehran: Institute of Humanities and Cultural Studies [in Persian].
- Paustus B., (2004). History of Armenians, translated by Garon Sargsyan. Iran, Tehran: Nairi [in Persian].
- Piguluskaya, N., (2008). Cities of Iran: In the Parthian and Sassanid Era. (Enayatollah Reza, ). Iran, Tehran: Elmi and Farhangi [in Persian].
- Pliny, M., (1961). Natural history with an English translation. London: William Heinemann LTD MCMLXI.
- Shabankarei, Mohammad Ibn Ali ibn Mohammad, (2002). Majma 'al-Ansab. (Mir Hashem Mohaddes(Ed). Iran, Tehran: Amirkabir [in Persian].
- Shepard, J., (2008). The Cambridge History of the Byzantine Empire c.500-1492. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Shipman, K., (2005). Basics of Sassanid history. (Kikaus Jahandari, Trans.). Iran, Tehran: Farzan Rooz (In Persian).
- Sohrab, (nd).'Ajā’IB al-aqālīm al-sab'ah ilá nihāyat al-'imārah. Tehran: Pegohshakdeh Farhang and Honare Islami.
- Tabari, Mohammad Ibn Jarir, (1996). History of Tabari or Tarikh al-Rosol & al-Molok. (Abolghasem Payende, Trans.). Iran, Tehran, Asatir [in Persian].
- The History of Zonaras, (2009). The History of Zonaras: From Alexander Severus to the Death of Theodosius the Great. (Thomas M. Banchich and Eugene N. Lane, Trans.). London & New York: Routledge.
- Videvdad or Laws against the Demons, (1898). In Avesta- The Sacred Books of Zoroastrianism, in Sacred Books of the East. (James Darmesteter, Trans.). Joseph H. Peterson, (Ed)(American Edition).
- Wiesehöfer, J., (2001). Ancient Persia: from 550 BC to 650 AD. London; New York, I.B. Tauris.
- Yaqubi, Ahmed bin Abi, (1977). Al-Buldan, Tehran, Bengah. Iran, Tehran: Tarjome & Nashre Ketab [in Persian].
- Zaryab Khoei, A., (1996). Ba'arbayya (Syriac: Beth ʿArbaye). Iran, Tehran: Islamic Encyclopedia Foundation [in Persian].
|