ارزیابی و بهینه‌سازی شاخص‌های انرژی و زیست‌محیطی با استفاده از ارزیابی چرخه حیات و تحلیل پوششی داده‌ها (مطالعه موردی: گاوداری‌های صنعتی شمال خوزستان)

ماشین های کشاورزی

مقاله 1، دوره 13، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 30، دی 1402، صفحه 383-404   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jam.2022.76155.1100

نویسندگان

رستم فتحی؛ محمود قاسمی نژاد رایینی^* ؛ رضا حسام پور

گروه مهندسی ماشین‌های کشاورزی و مکانیزاسیون، دانشکده مهندسی زراعی و عمران روستایی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، ملاثانی، ایران

چکیده

هدف از این پژوهش ارزیابی الگوی مصرف انرژی، اثرات زیست‌محیطی و بهینه‌سازی شاخص‌های انرژی در واحدهای صنعتی پرورش گاو شیری در استان خوزستان بود. برای تحلیل انرژی مصرفی، ارزیابی اثرات زیست‌محیطی و بهینه‌سازی انرژی، به‌ترتیب از شاخص‌های انرژی، ارزیابی چرخه حیات و تحلیل پوششی داده‌ها با مدل اندرسون-پیترسون استفاده شد. تعداد 30 واحد تولیدی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که خوراک دام و الکتریسیته به‌ترتیب با 65.4% و 27.2% بیشترین و روغن مصرفی برای روغن‌کاری تیلر-اسکریپر جمع‌آوری کود با 0.01 درصد کمترین انرژی ورودی را به خود اختصاص دادند. تعداد واحدهای کارا با استفاده از مدل بازگشت به مقیاس ثابت، 7 واحد (و واحدهای ناکارا برابر 23 واحد) تعیین شد و میانگین واحدهای تولید از نظر کارایی 0.78 به‌دست آمد. براساس مدل بازگشت به مقیاس ثابت یک واحد زمانی کارآمد است که کارایی آن برابر یک باشد، در غیر این‌صورت ناکارآمد است. هدف اصلی یافتن واحد مرجع برای یک واحد ناکارآمد نیز تشخیص میزان مازاد ورودی استفاده شده بود که براساس آن بتوان برای بهبود کارایی برنامه‌ریزی نمود. در اکثر گروه‌های اثر، خوراک دام و در گروه اثر پتانسیل تقلیل منابع غیرآلی، خوراک دام، ماشین‌ها و تجهیزات دامداری، بالاترین اثرات زیست‌محیطی را دارا بودند. در همه‌ی گروه‌های اثر غیر از پتانسیل تقلیل منابع غیرآلی مربوط به سوخت‌های فسیلی، خوراک دام بیشترین انتشارات زیست‌محیطی را دارا بود. با توجه به طول دوره گرما و شدت شار تابش خورشید، استفاده از صفحات خورشیدی روی سقف دامداری‌ها برای تامین برق مورد نیاز می‌تواند سبب کاهش مصرف انرژی‌های تجدیدناپذیر شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

اثرات زیست محیطی؛ ارزیابی چرخه حیات؛ تحلیل پوششی داده‌ها؛ گاوداری صنعتی

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