A review on Babesia spp. and tick vectors in animals in Iran

Iranian Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology

دوره 14، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 27، شهریور 2022، صفحه 1-10   

نوع مقاله: Review article

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/ijvst.2022.76034.1131

نویسنده

Gholamreza Razmi^*

Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.

چکیده

Babesiosis is an important tick-borne disease that affects a wide range of domestic and wild animals and occasionally humans in tropical and subtropical countries. So far, More than 100 different Babesia species have been identified in animals. Iran is one of the largest countries in the Middle East. The existence of two chains of mountains namely Zagros and Alborz has provided a number of climatic variations with different flora and fauna. These different climatic zones in Iran are potentially favorable for a large variety of tick vectors transmitting blood pathogen protozoa like Babesia spp. and Theileria spp. in animals. In the last decade, many molecular studies have been performed to identify Babesia spp. and tick vectors in different parts of Iran.  This review article aims to provide useful information about the history, characters, geographical distribution, and prevalence of Babesia species and their related tick vectors in animals in Iran. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

Babesia spp؛ tick؛ animal؛ Iran

سایر فایل های مرتبط با مقاله

1-1131-persian abs- final.pdf

IJVST-14-1.xml

IJVST-14-1-g001.jpg

مراجع

1. Schnittger L, Rodriguez AE, Florin-Christensen M, Morrison DA. Babesia: a world emerging. Infect Genet Evol. 2012; 12(8):1788-809. 
2. Service MW, editor. The Encyclopedia of Arthropod-Transmitted Infections. Liverpool: CABI Publishing; 2001.
3. Hosseini-Chegeni A, Tavakoli M, Telmadarraiy Z. The updated list of ticks [Acari: Ixodidae & Argasidae] occurring in Iran with a key to the identification of species.Sys Appl Acarol. 2019; 24(11): 2133-2166.
4. Kalani H, Fakhar M, Pagheh A. An overview on present situation babesiosis and theileriosis and their distribution of ticks in Iran. Iran J Med Microbiol. 2012; 5 (4):59-71
5. Haghi MM, Etemadifar F, Fakhar M. et al. Status of babesiosis among domestic herbivores in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Parasitol Res. 2017; 116 (4): 1101–1109 
6. Babes V. Sur l’hemoglobinurie bacterienne du boeuf. Comptes rendushebdomadaires des seances de l’Academie des Sciences, Paris 1888; 107: 692–694.
7. Smith T, Kilborne F L. Smith T, Kilborne FL. Investigations into the nature, causation and prevention of southern cattle fever. In: Ninth annual report of the Bureau of Animal Industry for the year 1892. Washington DC: Government Printing Office; 1893.
8. Uilenberg G. Babesia--a historical overview. Veterinary parasitology, 2006; 138(1-2), 3–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.01.035
9. Hoyte H M. Initial development of infectious Babesia bigemina. Australian Vet. J. 1961; 8: 462– 466.
10. Delpy LP. Agent's pathogens observe en Iran dans le sang des animaux domestiques. Note prélimi‌naire. Bulletin de la Société de Pathologie Exotique.1936; 29, 157–161. [In French]
11. Skrablo Z, Deanovic Z. Piroplasmosis in man; report of a case. Doc Med Georg Trop. 1957 Mar; 9(1):11-6. PMID: 13427667.
12. Scholtens RG, Braff EH, Heal GR, Gleason N. A case of babesiosis in man in the United States. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 1968; 17: 810–813.
13. Hasherni‐Fesharki R, Uilenberg G. Babesia crassa. [Sporozoa, Babesiidae] of domestic sheep in Iran, Veterinary Quarterly, 1981; 3(1): 1-8.
14. Levine N D. The Protozoan Phylum Apicomplexa. Florida: Boca Raton, CRC Press, 1988.
15. Chauvin A, Moreau E, Bonnet S, Plantard O, Malandrin L. Babesia and its hosts: adaptation to long-lasting interactions as a way to achieve efficient transmission. Vet Res. 2009; 40(2):37. 
16. Homer MJ, Aguilar-Delfin I, Telford SR III, Krause PJ, Persing DH. Babesiosis. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2000; 13:451–69.
17. Melhorn H. Parasitic animals: Diagnosis, Treatment and prevention. Switzerland: Springer Nature. 2016.
18. Jalovecka M, Sojka D, Ascencio M, Schnittger L. Babesia Life Cycle - When Phylogeny Meets Biology. Trends Parasitol. 2019; 35(5):356-368. 
19. Rafyi A, Alavi A, Maghami G. Etat actuel de nos connaissances sur les Maladies parasitaires les plus importantes en Iran et Lutte contre ces Maladies. Archi Razi Instit. 1971; 23(1):45-9.
20. Hashemi-Fesharaki R, Amjadi AR. An outbreak of Babesia bovis in cattle andits control. Arch. Inst. Razi, 1977; 29:83-86.
21. Javadi Mamagani AR, Shahbazi A, Fallah E, Khanmohammadi  M, Nematollahi A, Ashrafi Helan J, Fartashvand M, Mahami-Oskouei M. A case report of mixed infection in Holstein cattle with Theileria annulata and Babesia bigemina in one of the Tabriz traditional dairies. J Comp Pathol.2012; 9(3): 759-764.
22. Fakhar M, Hajihasani A, Maroufi S. et al. An epidemiological survey on bovine and ovine babesiosis in Kurdistan Province, western Iran. Trop Anim Health Prod .2012; 44, 319–322.
23. Tavassoli M, Tabatabaei M, Mohammadi M, Esmaeilnejad B, Mohamadpour H. PCR-based Detection of Babesia spp.. Infection in Collected Ticks from Cattle in West and North-West of Iran. J Arthropod Borne Dis. 2013; 7(2):132-138.
24. Rajabi S, Esmaeilnejad B, Tavassoli M. A molecular study on Babesia spp.. in cattle and ticks in West-Azerbaijan province, Iran. Vet Res Forum. 2017; 8(4):299-306.
25. Ghadimipour R, Noaman V, Taghizadeh M. Prevalence and risk factors of Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina infection in cattle in northwestern Iran. Vet Clan Pathos, 2020; 14 (54): 155-168.
26. Nouri Vahedi N, Noaman V. The Molecular Study of Babesia Species in the Cattles of Mazandaran Province. J Anim Biology.2020; 12(3): 81-90.
27. Noaman V, Ghadimipour R, Nabavi R. First report of Babesia occultans in two symptomatic cows in Iran. Parasitol Res. 2021; 120: 1915–1919.
28. Anwar M.Geographical distribution of protozoan blood parasites of domestic animals in Iran. Bull.Off.interEpizoot. 1974; 81:793-898.
29. Rak H'.Tick-borne diseases and their vector in Iran. Endinburg: University press.1978 
30.Hooshmand –Rad P. Blood protozoan diseases inn ruminants. Bull off Int Epiz .1974; 81:779-792.
31.Hashemi-Fesharki R. Tick-borne diseases of sheep and goats and their related vectors in Iran. Parassitologia. 1997; 39(2):115-117. 
32. Rafyi A, Maghami G.Contribution of an l'etude desquelques parasites du sang du mouton de la chevre en Iran ET dans les pays voisins. Bull.Off.interEpizoot. 1966; 65:1769-1783
33. Arshadi M. Control of tick borne diseases in Iran. Bull.Off.interEpizoot. 1976; 86:45-53.
34. Tavassoli M, Rahbari S. Seroepidemiological survey of Babesia ovis in sheep at different geographical regions of Iran. J Fac Vet Med Uni Teh. 1998; 53(3/4):55-9.
35. Razmi GR, Naghibi A, Aslani MR, Fathivand M, Dastjerdi K. An epidemiological study on ovine babesiosis in the Mashhad suburb area, province of Khorasan, Iran. Vet Parasitol. 2002;; 108(2):109-15.
36. Razmi GR, Naghibi A, Aslani MR, Dastjerdi K, Hossieni H. An epidemiological study on Babesia infection in small ruminants in Mashhad suburb, Khorasan province, Iran. Small Rum Res. 2003; 50(1-2):39-44
37. Hashemzadeh Farhang H, Nabavi L, Seyfiabad Shapouri MR, Rahbari S, Azizi F. Development of an ELISA technique for the detection of Babesia ovis and serological survey of the parasite in Khouzestan province, Southern Iran. Iranian J Vet Res. 2006; 7(2):53-8.
38. Shayan P, Rahbari S. Simultaneous differentiation between Theileria spp.. and Babesia spp.. on stained blood smear using PCR. Parasitol Res. 2005; 97(4):281-6.
39. Shayan P, Hooshmand E, Rahbari S, Nabian S. Determination of Rhipicephalus spp.. as vectors for Babesia ovis in Iran. Parasitol Res. 2007; 101(4):1029-33.
40. Shayan P, Hooshmand E, Nabian S, Rahbari S. Biometrical and genetical characterization of large Babesia ovis in Iran. Parasitol Res. 2008 Jun; 103(1):217-21. 
41. Dehkordi ZS, Zakeri S, Nabian S, Bahonar A, Ghasemi F, Noorollahi F, Rahbari S. Molecular and biomorphometrical identification of ovine babesiosis in Iran. Iran J Parasitol. 2010; 5(4):21-30
42. Ranjbar-Bahadori S, Eckert B, Omidian Z, Shirazi NS, Shayan P. Babesia ovis as the main causative agent of sheep babesiosis in Iran. Parasitol Res. 2012; 110(4):1531-6.
43. Shahbazi A, Fallah E, Mamagani AJ, Khanmohammadi M, Nematollahi A, Bazmani A. Identification of Babesia species in sheep isolated from villages of East Azerbaijan by Semi-nested PCR. J Pure Appl Microbiol. 2013; 7:201-5.
44. Razmi G, Pourhosseini M, Yaghfouri S, Rashidi A, Seidabadi M. Molecular detection of Theileria spp.. and Babesia spp.. in sheep and ixodid ticks from the northeast of Iran. J Parasitol. 2013; 99(1):77-81.
45. Mottavlihaghi M, Fakhar M, Sharif M, Paghe A, Sharbatkhori M, Tavakoli R, Gholami S. Molecular identification of ovine Babesia spp.. in north of Iran.Res.Mol Med.2013; 1(1):35-39.
46. Seidabadi M, Razmi G, Naghibi A. Molecular detection of Babesia spp. in sheep and vector ticks in North Khorasan province, Iran. Iranian J Vet Med. 2014; 8(1):35-39.
47. Esmaeilnejad B, Tavassoli M, Asri-Rezaei S, Dalir-Naghadeh B, Mardani K, Golabi M, Arjmand J, Kazemnia A, Jalilzadeh G. Determination of prevalence and risk factors of infection with Babesia ovis in small ruminants from West Azerbaijan Province, Iran by polymerase chain reaction. J Arthropod Borne Dis. 2015; 9(2:246-252.
48. Shabazi GR, Matine S, Shabazi R, Babapour A, Ahmadi G, Bageri Y. First detection of Babesia ovis in Dermacentor spp. in Ardabil area, northwest of Iran. J Vector Borne Dis. 2017; 54(3):277.
49. Naderi A, Nayebzadeh H, Gholami S. Detection of Babesia infection among human, goats and sheep using microscopic and molecular methods in the city of Kuhdasht in Lorestan Province, West of Iran.J Parasit Dis. 2017; 41(3):837-842.
50. Bekloo A J, Bakhshi H, Soufizadeh A, Sedaghat M M, Bekloo R J, Ramzgouyan M R, Chegeni A H, Faghihi F, and Telmadarraiy Z. Ticks circulate Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, and Babesia and Theileria parasites in North of Iran. Vet Parasitol. 2017; 248 (15): 21–24.
51. Bazmani A, Abolhooshyar A, Imani-Baran A, Akbari H. Semi-nested polymerase chain reaction-based detection of Babesia spp.. in small ruminants from Northwest of Iran. Vet World 2018; 11(3):268-273.
52. Habibi G, Sepahvand-Mohammadi E, Afshari A, Bozorgi S. Molecular detection of Theileria spp.. and Babesia ovis infection in sheep in Baneh, Iran. Arch Razi Inst. 2020; 75(2):289-296. 
53. Razmi GR, Pourhosseiniserani M. Molecular detection of Theileria spp.. and Babesia spp.. in sheep and vector ticks in Ramsar and Tonkabon areas of Mazandaran province, Iran. J Vet Parasitol. 2020; 34(2):82-88.
54. Sazmand A, Bahari A, Papi S, Otranto D. Parasitic diseases of equids in Iran [1931-2020]: a literature review. Parasit Vectors. 2020 Nov 19; 13(1):586. 
55. Oryan A, Aslani MR, Rezakhani A, Maleki M, Shad-Del FA. Babesia caballi and associated pathologic lesions in a horse. Equine practice 1994; 16:33-37. 
56. Nouri A, Lotfalizadeh S, Report a case of equine babesiosis in Ahwaz. J Fac Vet Med Uni Teh.1994; 48; 49-54.-
57. Aslani MR. A case report of Babesia caballi infection in a foal. J Appl Anim Res 2000 ; 17(2):253-6.
58. Seifi HA, Mohri M, Sardari K. A mixed infection of Babesia equi and Babesia caballi in a racing colt: A report from Iran. J Equine Vet Sci. 2000; 20(12):858-60
59. Abedi V, Razmi G, Seifi H, Naghibi A. Seroprevalence of Theileria equi and Babesia caballi infection in Turkoman breed horses in Iran. Iran J Vet Sci Tec. 2013; 5(2):45-52.
60. Abedi V, Razmi G, Seifi H, Naghibi A. Molecular and serological detection of Theileria equi and Babesia caballi infection in horses and ixodid ticks in Iran. Tick Tick Borne Dis. 2014 ; 5(3):239-44.
61. Abedi V, Razmi GR, Seifi HA, Naghibi A. Seroprevalence of Babesia caballi Infection in Horses in the North Khorasan Province of. J Vet Sci Med Diag. 2014; 3(1).
62. Malekifard F, Tavassoli M, Yakhchali M, Darvishzadeh R. Detection of Theileria equi and Babesia caballi using microscopic and molecular methods in horses in suburb of Urmia, Iran. Vet Res Forum. 2014; 5(2):129-33. 
63. Bahrami S, Ghadrdan AR, Pourmahdi Borujeni M, Vafayi Salarpur M. Epidemiology of Theileria equi in Persian Arab horses from Iran. Vet Med 2014; 59(9):409-411.
64. Bahrami S, Ghadrdan AR, Mirabdollahi SM, Fayed MR. Diagnosis of subclinical equine theileriosis in center of Iran using parasitological and molecular methods. Trop Biomed. 2014; 31(1):110-117.
65. Davoodi J. Identification of Babesia species and vector ticks in equine in Meyaneh area. Scientific J Vet Adv. 2014; 3(3):48-50.
66. Razi JM, Rocky A, Shahriari A, Ghadrdani MA, Hamidinejat H, Jolodar A, Pourmahamd BM. Hematological parameters and clinical signs associated with equine piroplasmosis in purebred Arabian horses of Ahvaz. Iran Vet J. 2015; 11(1): 65 -75.
67. Abedi V, Razmi G, Seifi H, Naghibi A. Molecular detection of equine piroplasms in donkeys [Equus asinus] in North Khorasan province, Iran. Iran J Vet Res. 2015; 16(2):202-204.
68. Habibi G, Esmaeilnia K, Hablolvarid MH, Afshari A, Zamen M, Bozorgi S. Microscopic and Molecular Detection of Theileria [Babesia] Equi Infection in Equids of Kurdistan Province, Iran. Iran J Parasitol. 2016; 11(1):86-90. 
69. Hosseini R,Taktazhafshejani T, Khamesipour F. Molecular detection of Theileria equi and Babesia caballi infections in horses by PCR method in Iran. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg. 2017; 23:161-164.
70. Kakekhani S, Rahbari S, Madani R, Bokaei S. Molecular and microscopic detection of Theileria equi and Babesia caballi in horses in Kurdestan Province, Iran. Arch Razi Inst. 2017; 72(1):51-5.
71. Ebrahimi M, Adinehbeigi K, Hamidinejat H, Tabandeh MR. Molecular characterization of Theileria equi infection in horse populations belonging to West Azerbaijan, Iran: insights into the importance of Equine Merozoite Antigen [EMA]-1 in its diagnosis. Ann Parasitol. 2018; 64(1):21-27. 
72. Niak A, Anwar M, Khatibi S. Canine babesiosis in Iran. Trop Anim Hlth Prod. 1973 Sep; 5[3]:200-1.
73. Green CE. Infectous diseases of dog and cat. 4th, Ed .Missouri: Elsevier 2013.
74. Bigdeli M, Rafie SM, Namavari MM, Jamshidi S. Report of Theileria annulata and Babesia canis infections in dogs. Comp Clin Pathol. 2012; 21(3):375-377.
75. Razijalali M, Mosallanejad B, Avizeh R, Alborzi AR, Hamidinejat H, Taghipour R. Babesia infection in urban and rural dogs in Ahvaz district, Southwest of Iran. Arch Razi Inst 2013; 68 (1): 37-42.
76. Raki A, Doosti A, Shahrani M. Detection of Babesia canis in the blood samples of dogs in Iran by PCR method. Int J Bio Sci. 2014; 4(1):118-24
77. Akhtardanesh BA, Saberi ME, Nurollahifard SR, Aghazamani MA. Molecular detection of Babesia spp.. in tick-infested dogs in southeastern Iran. J Dis Glob Health. 2016; 8(2):72-7.
78. Habibi G, Imani A, Afshari A, Bozorgi S. Detection and molecular characterization of Babesia canis vogeli and Theileria annulata in free-ranging dogs and ticks from Shahriar County, Tehran Province, Iran. Iran J Parasitol. 2020; 15(3):321-331.
79. Iatta R, Sazmand A, Nguyen VL, Nemati F, Ayaz MM, Bahiraei Z, Zafari S, Giannico A, Greco G, Dantas-Torres F, Otranto D. Vector-borne pathogens in dogs of different regions of Iran and Pakistan. Parasitol Res. 2021; 120(12):4219-4228.
80. Ghasemzade M, Esmaeilnejad B, Asri‐Rezaei S, Hadian M. Molecular identification of Babesia canis canis genotype A in a dog from Iran. Vet Med Sci. 2022; 8(1):21-25.
81. Sazmand A, Joachim A. Parasitic diseases of camels in Iran [1931-2017] - a literature review. Parasite. 2017; 24:21. 
82. Khamesipour F, Doosti A, Koohi A, Chehelgerdi M, Mokhtari-Farsani A, Chengula AA. Determination of the presence of Babesia species in blood samples of cattle, camel and sheep in Iran by PCR. Arch Biol Sci. 2015; 67(1):83-90.
83. Bahrami S, Tabandeh MR, Tafreshi AR. Prevalence and molecular identification of piroplasmids in Iranian dromedaries [Camelus dromedarius]. J Zoo Wild Med. 2017; 48(4):1026-30.
84. Mirahmadi H, Ghaderi A, Barani S, Alijani E, Mehravaran A, Shafiei R. Prevalence of camel babesiosis in southeast of Iran. Veterinary Medicine and Science. 2021 Nov 16. 20 November 2021https://doi.org/10.1002/vms3.666
85. Mohebali M, Rezaei H, and Faranak A, The first report of Babesia microti in rodents captured inMeshkin-Shahr, Iran. Iran J Pub Hlth. 1997; 26(3–4):83–85.
86. Hamedi Y, Heydari M, and Soleymani Ahmadi M, Intestinal and blood parasites of brown rats in Bandar Abbas. Hormozgan Med J. 2003; 7(3):123–127.
87. Shahbazi A, Aboualsoltani N, Bazmani A, Khanmohammadi M, Aboualsoltani F, Fallah E. Parasitological and molecular study of Babesia microti in rodents of Sarab district. J Pure Appl Microbiol. 2014; 8(3):2241-2244.