ارزیابی پاسخ‌های رشدی، عملکردی و فیزیولوژیکی خیار شاخدار آفریقایی (Cucumis metuliferus L.) به تنش کم آبیاری

علوم باغبانی

مقاله 10، دوره 37، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 58، مرداد 1402، صفحه 423-436   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jhs.2022.76473.1169

نویسندگان

مسلم قریشی¹؛ فاطمه نکونام²؛ طاهر برزگر^{* 3}؛ جعفر نیکبخت⁴

¹گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان- زنجان

²گروه علوم باغبانی- دانشکده کشاورزی- دانشگاه زنجان

³گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران

⁴گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، ایران

چکیده

تنش خشکی به­عنوان یک تنش غیرزیستی مهم رشد و عملکرد گیاهان را کاهش می­دهد. به منظور بررسی اثر تنش کم آبیاری بر رشد، عملکرد و شاخص­های فیزیولوژیکی خیار شاخدار آفریقایی، آزمایشی در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در مزرعه پژوهشی دانشگاه زنجان در سال 1398 انجام شد. سطوح آبیاری شامل سه سطح 100، 80 و 60 درصد نیاز آبی گیاه بود. نتایج نشان داد که تنش کم­آبیاری، رشد و عملکرد میوه را بطور معنی­داری کاهش داد. کمترین طول بوته، تعداد میوه (9/10) و عملکرد بوته (6/1 کیلوگرم) در تیمار کم آبیاری 60 درصد حاصل شد. وزن میوه تحت تاثیر تنش کم­آبیاری افزایش یافت و بیشترین وزن متوسط میوه (05/164 گرم) در تیمار کم آبیاری 80 درصد حاصل شد. کیفیت میوه به­طور معنی­داری تحت تاثیر تیمار آبیاری قرار گرفت. سفتی بافت میوه و مقدار ویتامین ث تحت تنش کم­آبیاری کاهش یافت و مواد جامد محلول کل، مقدار فنل کل و ظرفیت آنتی اکسیدانی میوه افزایش یافت به­طوری که بیشترین مقدار مواد جامد محلول (43/4 درصد بریکس)، فنل (6/7 میلی­گرم بر گرم وزن تر) و ظرفیت آنتی­اکسیدانی (78/48 درصد) و حداقل مقدار ویتامین ث (02/10 میلی­گرم بر 100 میلی­لیتر) و سفتی بافت میوه (73/2 کیلوگرم بر سانتی­متر مربع) در تیمار کم آبیاری 60 درصد مشاهده شد. با افزایش تنش کم­آبیاری، محتوای نسبی­آب برگ و محتوای کلروفیل، غلظت عناصر فسفر و پتاسیم برگ کاهش یافت. درصد نشت­یونی، محتوای کاروتنوئید و تجمع پرولین در پاسخ به افزایش تنش کم­آبیاری به طور معنی­داری افزایش یافت. در تیمار کم آبیاری 80 درصد، اگرچه عملکرد میوه 9/13 درصد کاهش یافت ولی در مصرف آب 20 درصد صرفه­جویی شد و با افزایش مواد جامد محلول و ظرفیت آنتی­اکسیدانی، کیفیت میوه و اندازه میوه بهبود یافت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

پرولین؛ ظرفیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی؛ عملکرد؛ نشت یونی؛ وزن میوه

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