- رحمتی، ص.، و سیفی، ر. (1400). شیوعشناسی و بررسی عوامل خطرساز و حفاظتکننده مزاحمت سایبری با رویکرد تحولی: یک مطالعه مروری روایتی. رویش روانشناسی، ۱۰(۱۱)، 25-38.
- سیدزاده ثانی، س. م.، و فرهادی الاشتی، ز. (1398). جبران خسارت تخریب میراث فرهنگی در دیوان کیفری بینالمللی با نگاهی به پرونده المهدی. مطالعات حقوق کیفری و جرمشناسی، 49(1)، 132-111.
- Barlińska, J., Szuster, A., & Winiewski, M. (2015). The role of short-and long-term cognitive empathy activation in preventing cyberbystander reinforcing cyberbullying behavior. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 18(4), 241-244.
- Bastiaensens, S., Vandebosch, H., Poels, K., Van Cleemput, K., De Smet, A., & De Bourdeaudhuij, I. (2014). Cyberbullying on social network sites. An experimental study into bystanders’ behavioural intentions to help the victim or reinforce the bully. Computers in Human Behavior,31, 259–271.
- Calmaestra, J., Rodríguez-Hidalgo, A. J., Mero-Delgado, O., & Solera, E. (2020). Cyberbullying in Adolescents from Ecuador and Spain: Prevalence and Differences in Gender, School Year and Ethnic-Cultural Background. Sustainability, 12(11), 4597.
- Casas, J. A., Del Rey, R., & Ortega-Ruiz, R. (2013). Bullying and cyberbullying: Convergent and divergent predictor variables. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(3), 580-587.
- Celik, S., Atak, H., & Erguzen, A. (2012). The effect of personality on cyberbullying among university students in Turkey. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 49, 129-150.
- Chiu, Y. C., Pan, Y. C., & Lin, Y. H. (2018). Chinese adaptation of the Ten-Item Internet Gaming Disorder Test and prevalence estimate of Internet gaming disorder among adolescents in Taiwan. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 7(3), 719-726.
- Cook, C. R., Williams, K. R., Guerra, N. G., & Kim, T. E. (2010). Variability in the prevalence of bullying and victimization: A cross-national and methodological analysis. In in Handbook of Bullying in Schools: An International Perspective, eds S. Jimerson, S. M. Swearer, and D. L. Espelage (London: Routledge), 347–362.
- Crowley, D., & Heyer, P. (2015). Communication in history: Technology, culture, society. Routledge.
- Davis, W. L. (2020). Is There a Relationship Between the Number of Female Students Who Were Cyberbullied and the Number of Female Students Who Seriously Considered Attempting Suicide? Lincoln Memorial University Journal of Social Sciences, 1(1), 2-10.
- DeSmet, A., Bastiaensens, S., Van Cleemput, K., & Poels, K. (2016). Deciding whether to look after them, to like it, or leave it: a multidimensional analysis of predictors of positive and negative bystander behavior in cyberbullying among adolescents. Computers in Human Behavior, 57, 398–415.
- Eisenberg, N., & Miller, P. A. (1987). Empathy and prosocial behaviour. Psychological Bulletin Journal, 101, 91–119.
- Handono, S. G., Laeheem, K., & Sittichai, R. (2019). Factors related with cyberbullying among the youth of Jakarta, Indonesia. Children and Youth Services Review, 99, 235-239.
- Heiman, T., & Olenik-Shemesh, D. (2016). Computer-based communication and cyberbullying involvement in the sample of Arab teenagers. Education and Information Technologies, 21(5), 1183-1196.
- Hinduja, S., & Patchin, J. W. (2013). Social influences on cyberbullying behaviors among middle and high school students. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 42, 711–722.
- Hoffman, L. M. (2008). Empathy and prosocial behavior. In J. M. Lewis, L. Haviland-Jones, & M. Feldman Barrett (Eds.), Handbook of emotions (pp. 440–454). New York, NY: The Guilford Press.
- Hoffman, M. L. (2000). Empathy and Moral Development. Implication for Caring and Justice.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Jordan, M., Amir, D., & Bloom, P. (2016). Are empathy and concern psychologically distinct? Emotion, 16, 1107–1116.
- Kowalski, R. M., Giumetti, G. W., Schroeder, A. N., & Lattanner, M. R. (2014). Bullying in the digital age: A critical review and meta-analysis of cyberbullying research among youth. Psychological Bulletin, 140(4), 1073.
- Kowalski, R. M., Limber, S. P., & McCord, A. (2019). A developmental approach to cyberbullying: Prevalence and protective factors. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 45, 20-32.
- Li, Q. (2006). Cyberbullying in schools: A research of gender differences. School Psychology International, 27(2), 157-170.
- Longobardi, C., Iotti, N. O., Jungert, T., & Settanni, M. (2018). Student-teacher relationships and bullying: The role of student status. Journal of Adolescence, 63, 1–10.
- Machackova, H., & Pfetsch, J. (2016). Bystanders’ responses to offline bullying and cyberbullying: The role of empathy and normative beliefs about aggression. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 57(2), 169-176.
- Marin-Lopez, I., Zych, I., Ortega-Ruiz, R., Monks, C. P., & Llorent, V. J. (2020). Empathy online and moral disengagement through technology as longitudinal predictors of cyberbullying victimization and perpetration. Children and Youth Services Review,116, 105-144.
- Martínez, J., Rodríguez-Hidalgo, A. J., & Zych, I. (2020). Bullying and cyberbullying in adolescents from disadvantaged areas: Validation of questionnaires, prevalence rates, and relationship to self-esteem, empathy and social skills. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(17), 6199.
- Nusantara, B. A. Sugiharto, D. Y. P. & Mulawarman, M. (2020). The effects of empathy on cyberbullying mediated by moral disengagement on cyberbullying mediated by moral disengagement. Jurnal Bimbingan Konseling, 9(2), 116-122.
- Nusantara, B. A., Sugiharto, D. Y. P., & Mulawarman, M. (2020). The effects of empathy on cyberbullying mediated by moral disengagement on cyberbullying mediated by moral disengagement. Jurnal Bimbingan Konseling, 9(2), 116-122.
- Patton, D. U., Woolley, M. E., & Hong, J. S. (2012). Exposure to violence, student fear, and low academic achievement: African American males in the critical transition to high school. Children and Youth Services Review, 34(2), 388-395.
- Peleg-Oren, N., Cardenas, G. A., Comerford, M., & Galea, S. (2012). An association between bullying behaviors and alcohol use among middle school students. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 32(6), 761–775.
- Pfetsch, J. (2016). Who is who in cyberbullying? Conceptual and empirical perspectives on bystanders in cyberbullying, In F. Wright (Ed.), a social-ecological approach to cyberbullying (pp. 121-150). Hauppauge, NY: Nova Publishing.
- Radoll, P. (2012). Cyber-safety and indigenous youth. Indigenous Law Bulletin, 8(12), 11–14.
- Rodríguez-Hidalgo, A. J., Solera, E., & Calmaestra, J. (2018). Psychological predictors of cyberbullying according to ethnic-cultural origin in adolescents: A national study in Spain. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 49(10), 1506-1522.
- Safaria, T., & Suyono, H. (2018) the role of parent-child relationship, school climate, happiness, and empathy to predict cyberbullying behavior. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education. 9(3), 548.
- Santre, S. (2022). Cyberbullying in adolescents: a literature review. International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health, doi: 1515/ijamh-2021-0133
- Steffgen, G., König, A., Pfetsch, J., & Melzer, A. (2011). Are cyberbullies less empathic? Adolescents' cyberbullying behavior and empathic responsiveness. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 14(11), 643-648.
- Strohmeier, D., & Gradinger, P. (2022). Cyberbullying and cyber victimization as online risks for children and adolescents. European Psychologist, 27(2), 141–150.
- Szuster, A. (2016). Crucial dimensions of human altruism. Affective vs. conceptual factors leading to helping or reinforcing others. Frontiers in Psychology,7, 519-520.
- Tokunaga, R. S. (2010). Following you home from school: A critical review and synthesis of research on cyberbullying victimization. Computers in Human Behavior, 26(3), 277-287.
- Udris, R. (2015). Cyberbullying in Japan: An exploratory study. International Journal of Cyber Society and Education, 8(2), 59-80.
- Wong-Lo, M., Bullock, L. M., & Gable, R. A. (2011). Cyber bullying: Practices to face digital aggression. Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties, 16(3), 317-325.
- Wong-Lo, M., Bullock, L. M., & Gable, R. A. (2011). Cyber bullying: Practices to face digital aggression. Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties, 16(3), 317-325.
- Wright, M. F., Wachs, S., & Harper, B. D. (2018). The moderation of empathy in the longitudinal association between witnessing cyberbullying, depression, and anxiety. Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace, 12(4), 4-6.
- Zych, I., Baldry, A. C., Farrington, D. P., & Llorent, V. J. (2019). Are children involved in cyberbullying low on empathy? A systematic review and meta-analysis of research on empathy versus different cyberbullying roles. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 45, 83-97.
|