مطالعه عوامل مؤثر بر حفاظت از تنوع زراعی برنج(Oryza sativa) در جهت تأمین امنیت غذایی پایدار خانوارهای بندر انزلی، استان گیلان

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 9، دوره 15، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 57، مهر 1402، صفحه 585-605   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/agry.2022.75773.1102

نویسندگان

سمیه شیرازی¹؛ کوروس خوشبخت^{* 2}

¹پژوهشکده ی علوم محیطی دانشگاه شهید بهشتی تهران، تهران، ایران

²پژوهشکده ی علوم محیطی دانشگاه شهیدبهشتی تهران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

با افزایش جمعیت، ضرورت تأمین امنیت غذایی، امری آشکار است. بدین منظور تک کشتی گونه‌های اصلی تأمین‌کننده غذا، مانند       برنج(Oryza sativa)  درراس اهداف کشاورزان قرار گرفته است. ضرورت حفاظت از تنوع زیستی کشاورزی به‌منظور تأمین امنیت غذایی پایدار ضروری است. مطالعه‌ای در شمال ایران که کشاورزان در آنجا اغلب تک کشتی برنج دارند، در دو مرحله با استفاده از پرسشنامه انجام شده است. مرحله اول؛ 90 خانوار به‌صورت تصادفی انتخاب شد و در مورد مولفه‌های امنیت غذایی، کفایت، سلامت، مانند کفایت غذایی، سلامت، مغذی بودن، دسترسی، زندگی سالم و فعالیت‌های مناسب مصاحبه گردید. مرحله بعد، عوامل مؤثر در حفاظت از تنوع زراعی، در پنج گروه اقتصادی، اجتماعی، آموزشی، زیرساختی و سازمانی قرار گرفت. در نهایت، از نرم‌افزار SPSS برای تحلیل آماری و از ضریب همبستگی پیرسون به‌منظور تعیین میزان و جهت رابطه بین متغیرها استفاده شده است. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که 22/43 درصد افراد دارای امنیت غذایی و بقیه افراد در ناامنی غذایی به سر می‌برند که ناامنی غذایی به سه دسته گرسنگی متوسط با 56/11 درصد، گرسنگی کم با 5/26 درصد و گرسنگی شدید با 66/18 درصد تقسیم می‌شود که به‌ترتیب دارای کفایت غذایی، دسترسی به مواد غذایی، فعالیت سالم است، امّا از لحاظ زندگی سالم به دور از بیماری، مغذی بودن و سلامت غذایی ضعیف می‌باشد. عوامل آموزشی و زیرساختی بیشترین تأثیر را در حفاظت از تنوع زراعی توسط کشاورزان دارد که عدم آگاهی اثر منفی و بهبود زیر ساخت اثر مثبت دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

اکولوژی؛ تک‌کشتی برنج؛ تنوع زیستی کشاورزی؛ سلامت غذایی؛ نهاده‌های شیمیایی

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