تحلیل پویای ابعاد اقتصادی، زیست محیطی و اجتماعی پایداری کشاورزی در استان‌های ایران با رویکرد شاخص‌ها

اقتصاد و توسعه کشاورزی

مقاله 2، دوره 37، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 58، فروردین 1402، صفحه 17-34   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jead.2022.74534.1110

نویسندگان

مینا صالح نیا^* ؛ محسن رفعتی

مؤسسه پژوهش‌های برنامه‌ریزی، اقتصاد کشاورزی و توسعه روستایی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

در تداوم حیات بشری، کشاورزی و تولیدات آن نقش بنیادینی را ایفا می­کنند. با ارزیابی میزان پایداری کشاورزی و مشخص کردن روند حرکت رو به توسعه کشاورزی و تهدیدهای پیش روی آن، می­توان نسبت به توصیه، شکل­گیری و اتخاذ اقدامات واقع­بینانه برای بهبود پایداری در بخش کشاورزی اقدام نمود. در همین راستا هدف مطالعه حاضر، ارزیابی شاخص­هایی در ابعاد سه گانه اقتصادی، اجتماعی و زیست محیطی پایداری کشاورزی در سطح استان­های کشور می­باشد. به این منظور از آخرین اطلاعات در دسترس آمارنامه­های وزارت جهاد کشاورزی، نتایج آمارگیری نیروی کار مرکز آمار ایران و سالنامه­های آماری استان­های مختلف استفاده شد. در بعد سنجش پایداری محیط زی تنوع محصول، میزان مصرف کودهای شیمیایی و آلی، و مصرف آفتکش­ها، در بعد اقتصادی از شاخص کوانتومی تولید محصولات و ثبات در تولید محصول، و در بعد اجتماعی از دو شاخص اشتغال نیروی کار روستایی و امنیت غذایی روستایی بهره گرفته شد. از مهم­ترین نتایج حاصل از این تحقیق می­توان به وضعیت مناسب عموم استان­های کشور از لحاظ تنوع کشت با استفاده از شاخص هرفیندال، لزوم کاربرد و مدیریت بهینه کودهای آلی در کلیه استان­های کشور به خصوص در استان گلستان، میزان بالای مصرف سموم شیمیایی در استان­های شمالی و جنوبی کشور، روند ثابت یا کاهش معنی­دار شاخص کوانتومی تولید محصولات در اکثر استان­ها، کاهش محسوس نرخ اشتغال جمعیت روستایی در استان­ چهار محال و بختیاری، و سهم بیشتر هزینه کرد برای خرید مواد غذایی در روستاهای استان سیستان و بلوچستان اشاره کرد. توسعه مبارزه بیولوژیک علیه آفات (به ویژه در مورد برنج و گوجه فرنگی)، پرداخت یارانه غیر مستقیم نهاده در مورد کودها و آفت­کش­های آلی و زیستی، حفاظت از منابع پایه خاک و آب به منظور پایدارسازی تولیدات، و تنوع بخشی به منابع درآمدی و معیشتی کشاورزان خرده­پا با اولویت استان­های کمتر برخوردار مانند سیستان و بلوچستان و کردستان، از پیشنهادات مطالعه حاضر می­باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

پایداری اجتماعی؛ پایداری اقتصادی؛ پایداری زیست محیطی؛ شاخص کوانتومی تولیدات کشاورزی؛ شاخص هرفیندال

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