اثر انواع خاک‌ورزی بر خصوصیات مورفو- فیزیولوژیکی و کیفیت علوفه گیاه ماشک گل سفید (Vicia pannonica) در شرایط دیم

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 2، دوره 16، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 59، فروردین 1403، صفحه 19-45   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/agry.2022.76580.1109

نویسندگان

سیدشهرام الیاسی¹؛ علیرضا پیرزاد^{* 2}؛ جلال جلیلیان³؛ ابراهیم روحی⁴؛ عادل سی و سه مرده⁵

¹گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی ، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

²گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

³گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

⁴بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات وآموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی کردستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، سنندج، ایران

⁵گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی،دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران

چکیده

به‌منظور تأثیر انواع خاک­ورزی بر خصوصیات مورفو- فیزیولوژیکی مرتبط با عملکرد کمّی، کیفی و ارزش علوفه­ای گیاه ماشک (Vicia pannonica) در تناوب زراعی با گندم آزمایش حاضر در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار و در سال‌های 1398- 1396 اجرا شد. تیمارها شامل کاشت گیاه ماشک به‌صورت کم‌خاک­ورزی، کشت مستقیم و خاک­ورزی مرسوم اعمال شد. در تیمار کشت مرسوم شاخص سطح برگ، عملکرد کوانتومی، رطوبت نسبی برگ، نیتروژن و فسفر برگ به‌ترتیب نسبت به کم‌خاک­ورزی و کاشت مستقیم کاهش داشتند. کاشت مرسوم باعث کاهش کلروفیل در برگ‌ها به‌میزان 1/20 و 6/35 درصد به‌ترتیب نسبت به کم‌خاک­ورزی و کشت مستقیم شد. بیشترین میزان تغییرات دمای تاج‌پوشش با محیط در تیمار بدون خاک­ورزی بود و همبستگی معنی­داری (^**98/0R=) با رطوبت نسبی برگ داشت. کمترین مقدار آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدانت شامل کاتالاز، پراکسیداز و سوپر اکسید دیسموتاز در برگ گیاهان کشت شده به‌روش کشت مستقیم و بیشترین میزان در کشت مرسوم مشاهده شدند. میزان کلونیزاسیون و اسپوریزاسیون قارچ‌های مایکوریزا و همچنین تعداد گره‌های ریزوبیومی در کشت مستقیم افزایش معنی‌داری را به‌ترتیب نسبت به تیمار کم‌خاک­ورزی و کشت مرسوم داشتند. کشت مستقیم باعث افزایش درصد هضم‌پذیری علوفه شد که همبستگی معنی‌داری (^**96/0R=) با کاهش دمای تاج‌پوشش داشت. نتایج در این آزمایش نشان دادند که صفات مورفو- فیزیولوژیکی اندازه‌گیری شده و کیفیت علوفه در گیاه ماشک تحت تأثیر انواع خاک­ورزی قرار گرفتند، به­طوری‌که بهبود وضعیت در تمامی صفات در کشت مستقیم و کم‌خاک­ورزی نسبت به کشت مرسوم حاصل شد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

اکسیدانت؛ رطوبت نسبی برگ؛ طیف‌سنجی مادون قرمز نزدیک (NIR)؛ کلروفیل؛ مایکوریزا

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