روش‌های حذف میکروپلاستیک‌ها از محیط‌های آبی

آب و توسعه پایدار

مقاله 11، دوره 9، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 24، شهریور 1401، صفحه 95-108   

نوع مقاله: مروری

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jwsd.v9i2.2110.1091

نویسندگان

علیرضا رادخواه^{* 1}؛ سهیل ایگدری²؛ هادی پورباقر²؛ اسماعیل صادقی نژاد ماسوله³

¹دانشجوی دکترا ، گروه شیلات، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

²دانشیار، گروه شیلات، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

³دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی‌ارشد،پژوهشکده آبزی‌پروری آبهای داخلی، موسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، بندرانزلی، ایران

چکیده

مطالعه حاضر با هدف بررسی روش‌‏های حذف میکروپلاستیک‏‌ها از محیط‌‏های آبی در قالب یک تحقیق مروری به نگارش درآمد. بر اساس اطلاعات به‌‏دست آمده، روش‌‏های فیزیکی رایج برای حذف میکروپلاستیک‌‏ها از پساب‌‏های شهری و صنعتی شامل اولترافیلتراسیون، اسمز معکوس و بیوراکتور غشایی می‏‌باشند. در بین روش‏های شیمیایی استفاده از منعقدکننده‌‏ها و لخته‌‏سازها در تصفیه پساب‏‌های میکروپلاستیک بیشتر مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. علاوه‏‌بر این، از جمله روش‌‏های بیولوژیکی مطرح در حذف میکروپلاستیک‌‏ها نیز می‏توان به حذف آن‏ها با استفاده از جلبک‌‏های سبز و باکتری‏‌ها اشاره نمود. نتایج نشان داد در بین روش‌‏های مذکور، کاربرد روش‏‌های فیزیکی و بیولوژیکی به‏‌دلیل آسانی و همچنین صرفه اقتصادی نسبت به سایر روش‌‏ها برتری دارد. بسیاری از پژوهشگران استفاده از مجموعه رو‏‏ش‏‌های فیزیکی و بیولوژیکی را بهترین گزینه برای حذف پسماندهای میکروپلاستیک از محیط‌‏های آبی می‏‌دانند. باتوجه‌‏به اهمیت و کاربرد روش‌‏های فیزیکی در حذف میکروپلاستیک‏‌ها از محیط‌‏های آبی، انجام مراحل پیش‏‌تصفیه و سپس استفاده از تکنیک‌‏های جداسازی غشایی و بیوراکتور غشایی همراه با سایر فرآیندهای تصفیه مانند اسمز معکوس می‏تواند کارایی روش‌‏های تصفیه را تا حد قابل توجهی افزایش دهد. شایان ذکر است در روش فیزیکی که اغلب فیلتراسیون غشایی می‏باشد، عوامل مختلفی در میزان حذف میکروپلاستیک‏‏‌ها دخالت دارند که از جمله مهمترین آن‏ها می‌‏توان به پارامترهای غشا (مواد غشا، اندازه منافذ، ضخامت غشا، ویژگی‏‌های سطح غشا) و ویژگی‏‌های پساب (شکل، اندازه، ترکیب شیمیایی و غلظت آن) اشاره کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

میکروپلاستیک‌ها؛ محیط‌های آبی؛ روش‌های فیزیکی؛ اولترافیلتراسیون؛ منعقدکننده‌ها

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