Effectiveness of Acid Gibberellic and Magnetic Field on Shelf Life and Post-Harvest Life of Strawberry cv. Selva under Temperature Stress Conditions

علوم باغبانی

Article 4, Volume 37, Issue 2 - Serial Number 58, August 2023, Pages 337-350   

Document Type: Research Article

DOI: 10.22067/jhs.2022.74406.1121

Authors

M. R. Zandi¹; A. Aboutalebi Jahromi^{* 2}; B. Behroznam¹; A. Zakerin³

¹Horticultural group, Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom, Iran

²Department of Horticuture.Jahrom Branch. Islamic Azad University. Jahrom. Iran

³Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom, Iran

Abstract

Introduction
 Strawberry is one of the most important small fruits in the world, which is cultivated as a perennial plant in temperate regions of the world. Ripe strawberry fruit contains compounds such as protein, fiber, sugars such as fructose, glucose, sucrose, organic acids, vitamins, minerals, as well as phenolic compounds and anthocyanins. The aim of this study was to investigate some hormonal treatments and magnetic field on some physiological and biochemical characteristics, shelf life and postharvest life of strawberry cv. Selva under temperature stress.
 
Materials and Methods
 This experiment was performed as a split plot based on a completely randomized design with 3 replications. Physiological and biochemical characteristics were studied on several tissues of Selva strawberry cultivar under several different temperature treatments. The treatments were gibberellic acid at three levels of control, 50 and 100mg/l in the main plots, magnetic field at 3 levels of control, 10 and 20ms, in the subplots and temperature stress in three levels including 2, 8 and 20°C. It was done on strawberries in subplots. Healthy prepared strawberry fruits were subjected to magnetic treatments and then immersed in hormonal solutions for 2min and after drying, stored for 8 days in different refrigerators at temperatures according to research treatments. The samples were then removed from the refrigerator and transferred to a laboratory to measure various characteristics. The studied traits included: fruit weight, fruit diameter, fruit length, fruit moisture content, titratable acidity, fruit juice pH and vitamin C.
 
Results and Discussion
 Results of analysis of variance showed that the simple and triple interactions of treatments on all studied traits were significant. Comparison of the mean triple interaction of gibberellic acid treatment × magnetic field × temperature showed that the highest amount of fruit weight (19.49g), the highest amount of fruit diameter (33.7mm), the highest fruit length (48.62mm), the highest fruit moisture (34.65%) was obtained in the treatment of 50mg/l gibberellic acid, ten Tesla magnetic field and a temperature of eight degrees Celsius. The lowest fruit weight of 10.65 g was obtained in the treatment of non-use of gibberellic acid, non-use of magnetic field and temperature of 20°^C. The lowest fruit weight loss of 3.74% was obtained in the treatment of 50 mg/l gibberellic acid, 20 Tesla magnetic field and 2°^C. The lowest fruit diameter of 21.52mm was obtained in the treatment of non-consumption of gibberellic acid, absence of magnetic field and temperature of 20°C. The lowest fruit length of 25.63 mm was obtained in the treatment of no gibberellic acid, no magnetic field and a temperature of 20°C. The lowest amount of titratable acidity (0.31%), the lowest pH of fruit juice (4.68) and the highest amount of vitamin C (34.92mg/100 ml) in the treatment of non-use of gibberellic acid, no use of field Magnetic and a temperature of 20°C were obtained. The lowest amount of vitamin C was equal to 20.5mg/100ml in the treatment of no use of gibberellic acid, no use of magnetic field and a temperature of 20°^C.High concentrations of gibberellic acid have a beneficial effect on increasing cell division and fruit size. Gibberellic acid increases fruit size and weight due to its effect on increasing cell division in the early stages of fruit development and increasing cell size at late fruit ripening. Magnetic field also affects plant metabolic activity. Fruit volume includes fruit length. It decreases due to the magnetic field. Fruit weight showed a significant positive correlation with fruit diameter, fruit length, fruit moisture and vitamin C. In terms of the triple interaction of the research treatments, the best effective treatment for increasing the storage time of strawberries was the combined treatment of 50 mg/l gibberellic acid and ten Tesla magnetic field and a temperature of 8°C.
 
Conclusion
 Fruit weight showed a significant positive correlation with fruit diameter, fruit height, fruit moisture and vitamin C. In terms of the triple interaction of the research treatments, the best effective treatment for increasing the storage time of strawberries was the combined treatment of 50 mg/l gibberellic acid and ten Tesla magnetic field at a temperature of 8°C.

Keywords

Fruit length; Fruit diameter; Shelf life; Titratable acidity; Vitamin C

References

1. Aladjadjiyan, A. (2007). The use of physical methods for plant growing stimulation in Bulgaria. Journal Central European Agriculture, 8, 369-380. https://doi.org/2478/johr-2018-0019
2. Ariaei, H., Zare, D., Mirdamadi, S., & Naghizadeh Raisi, Sh. (2014). Sensory evaluation of strawberry juice by fuzzy logic and evaluation of its antioxidant activity during cryopreservation. Quarterly Journal of New Food Technologies, 1, 111-128. https://doi.org/22104/JIFT.2020.4361.2000
3. Andrews, P.K., & Li, S. (1995). Cell wall hydrolytic enzyme activity during development of non climacteric sweet cherry (Prunus avium) fruit. Journal of Horticultural Science, 70, 561-567.
4. Benam, G. (2014). Investigation of the effect of magnetic field and temperature changes on the shelf life of apricot fruit. Technical Journal, No. 21. Extension Office of Tabriz Agricultural Jihad Organization.
5. Bains, B.K., Sharma, M., & Singh, S.K. (2017). Quality regulation in banana through post-harvest treatment with ethylene and ethylene inhibitors. Research Crops, 18(4), 656-66. https://doi.org/5958/2348-7542.2017.00131.0
6. Bakhshabadi, H., Mirzaei, H., Ghodsvali, A., Jafari, S.M., Ziaiifar, A.M., & Bigbabaie, A. (2017). Optimizing the Eextraction process of oil from black cumin seeds by using pulsed electric field (PEF) Pretreatment. Journal of Research and Innovation in Food Science and Technology, 6(3), 221-231. https://doi.org/10.1051/ocl/2019050
7. Belyavskaya, N.A. (2004). Biological effect due to weak magnetic field on plants. Advances in Space Research, 34, 1566-1574.
8. Brahmachari, V.S., & Rani, R. (2005). Shelf life extension in guava with ere-harvest spray of certain growth substances and polyethylene wrapping. Haryana Journal of Horticulture Science, 34, 36-38.
9. Cao S., Hu, Z., & Pang, B. (2010). Optimization of postharvest ultrasonic treatment of strawberry fruit. Postharvest Biology and Technology abbreviation, 55, 3-150. https://doi.org/1016/j.postharvbio.2009.11.002
10. Çetin, V. (2002). Plant growth regulators in used fruits and vegetables. Gıda ve Yem Bilimi-Teknolojisi Dergisi., 2, 40–50.
11. Daulta, B.S., & Beniwal, V.S. (1983). Effect of time of application, chemicals and concentration of plant growth regulators on composition of fruit in sweet orange cv. Campbell Valencia. Haryana Journal of Horticultural Sciences, 12, 168-172.
12. Dhawi, F., Al-Khayri, J.M., & Hassan, E. (2009). Static magnetic field influence on elements composition in date palm (Phoenix dactylifera). Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences (Online), 5, 161-167.
13. Efe, L., Mustafayv, S.A., & Kili, F. (2004). Stimulative effect of high voltage electrical current on earliness, yield and fiber quality of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 7, 494-502.
14. El-Kosavi, S. (2009). Effect of NAA, GA₃ and Cytophex spraying on Samany and Zaghloul date palm yield, fruit retained and characteristics. Journal of Horticultural Science and Ornamental Plants, 1, 49-59.
15. El-Otmani, M., & Coggins, C.W. (19910. Growth regulator effects on retention of quality of stored citrus fruits. Scientia Horticulturea, 45(3-4), 261-272.
16. Esitken, A., & Turan, M. (2004). Alternating magnetic field effects on yield and plant nutrient element composition of strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Camarosa). Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Soil and Plant Science, 54(3), 135-139.
17. Esna-Ashari, M., & Zokaee Khosroshahi, M.R. (2009). Postharvest Physiology and Technology. Abu-Ali Sina University Press. P. 658. (In Persian)
18. Facteau, T.J., Rowe, K.E., & Chestnut, N.E. (2003). Response patterns of gibberellic acid- treated sweet cherry fruit at different solids leaves and leaf/ fruit ratio. Scientia Horticulture, 27, 257-262.
19. Florez, M., Carbonell, M.V., & Martinez, E. (2007). Exposure of maize seeds to stationary magnetic fields: Effects on germination and early growth. Environmental Experimental Botany, 59, 68-75. https://doi.org/1016/j.envexpbot.2005.10.006
20. Habibi, M. (2014). Investigation of the effects of gibberellic acid in plants. Promotional Publication, No. 32. Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center.
21. Khabazipour, A., Eftekhari, S., A.Moalemi, N., & Mortazavi, S.M.H. (2014). The effect of foliar application of gibberellic acid and paclobutrazol on vegetative and reproductive growth of two strawberry cultivars. Production and Processing of Agricultural and Horticultural Products.
22. Khan Kashi, L., Tabatabai Klor, R., & Hashemi, S.J. (2019). Investigation of the effect of polyethylene thickness, gas composition and temperature on shelf life and quality of strawberries. Research and Innovation in Food Science and Industry, 377-392. https://doi.org/22101/JRIFST.2019.02.23.743
23. Khoshkhoi, M., Sheibani, B., Rohani, I., & Tafazzoli, E. (2007). Principles of Horticulture. Shiraz University Press. Shiraz. (In Persian)
24. Kordas, L. (2002). The effect of magnetic fieldon growth, development and the yield of spring wheat. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 11, 527-530.
25. Mohamed, A.K.A. (2004). Effect of gibberellic acid (GA₃) and benzyladinine (BA) on splitting and quality of Manfalouty pomegranate fruits. Assuit Journal of Agricultural Science, 35, 11-21.
26. Ozkan, Y., Ucar, M., Yildiz, K., & Ozturk, B. (2016). Pre-harvest gibberellic acid (GA₃) treatments play an important role on bioactive compounds and fruit quality of sweet cherry cultivars. Scientia Horticulturae, 211, 358-362. https://doi.org/1016/j.scienta.2016.09.019
27. Perez, F., & Gomez, M. (2000). Possible role of invertase in the gibberellic acid berry- sizing effect in sultana grape. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 69, 111-116.
28. Phalsaphy, P. (2012). National Strawberry Festival in Sanandaj. Available from: URL http://www.kurdpress.com/Fa/NSite/FullStory/New Accessed May 23. (In Persian)
29. Pietruszewski, S. (1996). Effects of magnetic biostimulation of wheat seeds on germination, yield and proteins. International Agrophysics, 10, 51-56.
30. Rabiee V., Nasiri L., Hamzehzad, K.H., & Hemati, S. (2009). Investigation of the effects of radiation and calcium chloride on the quality and storage life of peach fruit of saffron cultivar. Iranian Journal of Horticultural Sciences, 40(4).
31. Racuciu, M., Creanga, D., & Horga, I. (2008). Plant growth under static magnetic field influence, Romania Journal Physics, 53, 353-359.
32. Raso, J., & Heinz, V. (2007). Pulse electric fields technology for the food industry. Fundamentals and Applications, 3(8), 144-146.
33. Riberio, C., Vicente, A.A., Teixeira, J.A., & Miranda, C. (2007). Optimization of edible coating composition to retard strawberry fruit senescence. Postharvest Biology and Technology Abbreviation, 44, 63-70.
34. Majd, A., & Shabrangi, A. (2009). Effect of seed pretreatment by magnetic field on seed germination and ontogeny of agricultural plants. Progress in Electromagnetic Symposium, Beijing, China, 23-27 March: 1137-1141.
35. Marinkovic, B., Ilin, Z., Marinkovic, J., Culibrk, M., & Jacimovic, G. (2002). Corn and sugarbeet yield in function variable electromagnetic field. Biophysics in Agriculture Production, University of Novi Sad, Tampograf. 154p.
36. Saberi, M., Tawili, A., & Miri, M. (2014). The effect of different levels of gibberellic acid and salicylic acid on improving the germination of Festuca arundinacea under stress with allopathic compounds. Journal of Natural Environment, Natural Resources of Iran, 67(4), 424-415.
37. Sindhu, S., & Singhrot, R.S. (1993). Effect of pre-harvest spray of growth regulator and fungicides on the shelf life of Lemon cv. Baramasi. Haryana Journal of Horticulture Science, 22, 204-206.
38. Watanabe, M., Segawa, H., Murakami, M., Sagawal, S., & Komor, S. (2008). Effects of plant growth regulators on fruit set and fruit shape of parthenocarpic apple fruits. Journal of the Japanese Society for Horticultural Science, 77, 350-357.
39. Wszelaki, A.L.M. (2003). Effect of combinations of hot water dips biological control and controlled atmospheres for control of gray mold on harvested strawberries. Postharvest Biology and Technology Abbreviation, 27, 64-255.
40. Zhang, Z., Zeng, X., Brennan, C., Brennan, M., Han, Z., & Xiong, X. (2015). Effects of pulsed electric fields (PEF) on vitamin C and its antioxidant properties. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 16, 24159-24173. https://doi.org/3390/ijms161024159
41. Zomo, S.A, Ismail, S.M., Jahan, M., Kabir, K., &  Kabir, M.H. (2014). Chemical properties and shelf life of Banana (Musa sapientum) as influenced by different postharvest treatments. Journal of Agricultural Science, 12(2), 6-17. https://doi.org/10.3329/agric.v12i2.21725