اثرات نانو سیلیس و سالیسیلیک اسید بر عملکرد دانه و اجزای عملکرد در کشت مخلوط ذرت (Zea mays L.) و ماش سبز (.Vigna radiata L) در شرایط تنش خشکی

پژوهشهای زراعی ایران

مقاله 7، دوره 21، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 69، فروردین 1402، صفحه 91-112   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jcesc.2022.78199.1194

نویسندگان

سحر افضلی¹؛ سید محمد باقر حسینی^{* 2}؛ لیلا مامنی³؛ علی احمدی²

¹دانشجوی دکتری اکولوژی گیاهان زراعی، دانشکدگان کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی کرج، دانشگاه تهران، ایران

²گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکدگان کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی کرج، دانشگاه تهران، ایران

³بخش نانو تکنولوژی پژوهشگاه بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

چکیده

خشکی از مهم‌ترین تنش‌های محیطی است که رشد و عملکرد گیاهان را تحت تأثیر قرار می‌دهد. استفاده از نانو ذرات می‌تواند به‌عنوان راهکاری در تعدیل اثرات تنش خشکی مؤثر واقع شود. بنابراین به‌منظور بررسی اثر الگوی کاشت، تنش خشکی و کاربرد نانوذرات سیلیس و سالیسیلیک اسید بر عملکرد دانه و اجزای عملکرد ذرت و ماش آزمایشی به‌صورت کرت‌های دو بار خردشده بر پایه طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در سال زراعی 99-1398 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی کرج، دانشگاه تهران انجام شد. عامل اصلی تنش خشکی در دو سطح آبیاری کامل (60 میلی‌متر تبخیر از تشتک تبخیر کلاس A) و تنش خشکی (85 میلی‌متر تبخیر از تشتک تبخیر کلاس A)، عامل فرعی پنج آرایش‌ مختلف کشت: (کشت خالص ذرت (C₁₀₀)، و تیمارهای کشت مخلوط ذرت 80%: ماش 40% (C_80: M₄₀)، ذرت %80: ماش 60% (C₈₀:M₆₀)، ذرت 50%: ماش 50 % (C₅₀:M₅₀) و کشت خالص ماش (V₁₀₀) و عامل فرعی-فرعی چهار تیمار نانوذرات سیلیس (Si)+ سالیسیلیک اسید (Sa)، نانو ذرات سیلیس ((Si، سالیسیلیک اسید تجاری (Sa) و شاهد (بدون کود: C) بود. محلول‌پاشی نانو ذرات نیز به‌صورت برگ مصرف انجام شد. نتایج به‌دست‌آمده نشان داد که بیشترین عملکرد دانه ذرت در تیمار تک‌کشتی ذرت، کود ترکیبی نانو Si + Sa و آبیاری کامل به‌دست آمد که 179 درصد بیشتر از کمترین تیمار (کشت مخلوط C_50%:M_50%، شاهد و تنش خشکی) بود. بیشترین عملکرد دانه ماش نیز در تیمار تک‌کشتی ماش، کاربرد کود ترکیبی نانو Si + Sa و آبیاری کامل به‌دست آمد. در نتایج آزمایش مشاهده شد در شرایط تنش خشکی کاربرد تیمارهای تغذیه‌ای نسبت به عدم کاربرد آن‌ها منجر به افزایش عملکرد دانه و بیولوژیک در ذرت و ماش گردید. بیشترین میزان نسبت برابری زمین نیز در آبیاری کامل و کشت مخلوط ₆₀C₈₀:M و تیمار کودی نانو  Si + Sa(57/1) حاصل شد. با توجه به این نتایج، استفاده از نانوکودها با توجه به میزان اندک کود مصرفی و کاربرد سالیسیلیک در کنترل تنش خشکی راهکار مناسبی برای کاهش نهاده‌های مصرفی و دستیابی به کشاورزی پایدار می‌باشد. از طرفی کشت مخلوط ماش و ذرت با ایجاد تنوع و بهره‌وری بالاتر در استفاده از زمین به دلیل تولید LER بیشتر از یک در شرایط تنش خشکی و آبیاری کامل، می‌تواند در شرایط تنش خشکی سودمند باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

الگوی کشت؛ تک‌کشتی؛ کشاورزی پایدار؛ نانوکود؛ نسبت برابری زمین

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