شناسایی و مدل‎سازی عوامل کلیدی موفقیت شرکت‎های دانش‎بنیان

پژوهش نامه مدیریت تحول

مقاله 1، دوره 14، شماره 1 بهار و تابستان 1401 - شماره پیاپی 27، شهریور 1401، صفحه 1-28   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/tmj.2022.69632.1077

نویسندگان

مجید استیری^{* 1}؛ محمد مهرآیین (لگزیان)²

¹کارشناس ارشد دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد مشهد

²استاد دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

چکیده
امروزه با توجه به رشد و توسعه پژوهش‎های آکادمیک در حوزه فناوری‎های برتر، شرکت‎های دانش‎بنیان نقش بسزایی در تحریک و تشویق کارآفرینی و رشد و شکوفایی اقتصاد کشورها ایفا می‎کنند؛ بنابراین پاسخ به این سؤال ضروری است که چه عواملی سبب رشد و موفقیت این شرکت‎ها خواهند شد. هدف اصلی این پژوهش شناسایی عوامل کلیدی موفقیت شرکت‎های دانش‎بنیان با استفاده از یک مطالعه کیفی است. این پژوهش از نظر هدف کاربردی و از لحاظ روش تحلیلی است. بدین منظور مصاحبه نیمه ساختاریافته با استفاده از روش کیفی تحلیل تم صورت گرفته است. خبرگان مورد مصاحبه در تحقیق حاضر 25 نفر از مدیران عامل شرکت‎های موفق و برتر دانشگاهی و دانش‎بنیان مستقر در شهر مشهد در 3 سال اخیر هستند. مرور ادبیات، پژوهش‎های انجام گرفته و نتایج مصاحبه‎ها نشان‎دهنده 5 تم اصلی است که عوامل کلیدی موفقیت شرکت‎های دانش‎بنیان را در 5 سطح ویژگی‎های فردی، عوامل سازمانی، عوامل محیطی، استراتژی شرکت و تأمین و تخصیص منابع طبقه‎بندی می‎کند، که برای تفسیر و مشخص کردن ارتباط بین عوامل و مشخص کردن نقش هریک از متغیرها، از مدل‌سازی ساختاری تفسیری استفاده شده است. بر اساس نتایج بررسی به نظر می‎رسد بعد از عوامل محیطی، تأمین و تخصیص منابع مالی مناسب (میزان و زمان تخصیص) و نیروی انسانی مناسب (تحصیل‌کرده، باتجربه، ماهر، خلاق و نوآور) از اهمیت بالاتری نسبت به سایر عوامل برخوردارند. همچنین مشخص گردید ویژگی‎های فردی و عوامل سازمانی دارای تأثیر متقابل دوطرفه بوده و استراتژی شرکت نیز بیشترین تأثیرپذیری را نسبت به سایر عوامل دارد. درنهایت بهترین روش اجرایی در بین ویژگی‌های پنجگانه تحقیق برای به‌کارگیری مدیران جهت دستیابی به موفقیت، رشد و توسعه شرکت‌های دانش‌بنیان تعیین گردید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

شرکت‎های دانش‎بنیان؛ عوامل کلیدی موفقیت؛ تحلیل تماتیک؛ مدل‎سازی ساختاری تفسیری

مراجع

 

References

Aghajani, Hasanali.; Hosseini, Abolhasan., & Sarvari, Zahra. (2015). Identification and prioritization of factors affecting the commercialization of products of knowledge-based companies with FAHP technique, Quarterly Journal of Operations Research and its Applications, 12(3), 85-100. (in Persian)

Almus, M., & Nerlinger, E. A. (1999). Growth of New Technology-Based Firms: Which Factors Matter? Small Business Economics, 13(2),141-154.

Amini, Elham.; Baniasadi, Mohammad.; Khatami, Mehrdad., & Vahidi, Hossein. (2016). Investigating the Factors Affecting the Development of Knowledge-Based Companies Using Hierarchical Analysis (Case Study of Tehran Park), Quarterly Journal of Growth and Technology, 12(48). (in Persian)

Andersen, S., & Hanstad, D. (2017). Knowledge development and transfer in a mindful project organization, International Journal of Managing Projects in Business, 6(2), 236-250.

Asadpoor, Morteza., & Kargar, Mahnaz. (2015). Investigating the Impact of Organizational Innovation and Managerial Innovation on the Success of Knowledge-Based Companies, Quarterly Journal of Growth and Technology, 11(43). (in Persian)

Azizi, Shahriyar. (2016). Research method in management with emphasis on practical and statistical examples, Tehran: Samat Publications. (in Persian)

Baghernezhad, Peyman.; Taherpoor, Habibalah., & Bahrami, Hamidreza. (2018). Identify and evaluate the factors affecting the successful implementation of the general policy of supporting knowledge-based companies and institutions, Quarterly Journal of Innovation Management in Defense Organizations. 1(2), 1-26. (in Persian)

Carrizosa, M. T. (2007). Firm growth, persistence and multiplicity of equilibria: an analysis of Spanish manufacturing and service industries, Doctoral dissertation, Universitat Rovira i Virgili.

Chorev, S., & Anderson, A. R. (2006). Success in Israeli High-Tech StartUps, Critical Factors and Process, Technovation, 26(2).

Coad, A., & Reid, A. (2012). The role of Technology and Technology-based Firms in Economic Development, Final Report for Scottish Enterprise, Glasgow.

Colombo, M. G.; D‟Adda, D., & Piva, E. (2010). The contribution of university research to the growth of academic start-ups: an empirical analysis, The Journal of Technolog Transfer, 35(1), 113-140.

Daneshfar, Karamalah. (2016). Analyzing the effective factors on the strategy of establishing knowledge-based companies and presenting an appropriate model, Quarterly Journal of Strategic Management Research, 22(61), 29-53. (in Persian)

Davidsson, P., & Wiklund, J. (Eds.). (2013). New perspectives on firm growth. Edward Elgar Publishing

Davidsson, P.; Kirchhoff, B.; Hatemi, A., & Gustavsson, H. (2000). factors underlying Conference, Brisbane, Australia.

Fakhari, H.; Salmai, D., & Daraei, M. (2013). The Impact of Economic Sanctions on the knowledge-based companies in Iran, Journal of Science and Technology policy, 5(3), 1-16. (In Persian)

Farnodi, Sanamasadat.; Ghazinori, Seyed Sepehr.; & Radfar, Reza., & Tabatabaeyan, Seyed Habibalah. (2017). Analysis of growth factors of knowledge-based companies in Iran with the approach of explaining possible paths, Quarterly Journal of Science and Technology Policy, 9(2), 49-65. (in Persian)

Fini, R.; Grimaldi, R., & Sobrero, M. (2009). Factors fostering academics to start up new ventures: An assessment of Italian founders‟ incentives, Journal of Technology Transfer, 34, 380–402.

Gholami, Donya., & Ramezani, Ali. (2018). Identifying and analyzing the main strategic components influencing the failure of knowledge-based companies in Iran, Quarterly Journal of Growth and Technology, 15(57). (in Persian)

Haghighi, Mahdi et al., (2021). Designing a strategy implementation model in knowledge-based companies. Strategic Management Studies Quarterly, 47, 23-40. (in Persian)

Hajiketabi, Ali.; Zolfaghari, Atefe.; Godarzi, Kobra., & Akhondi, Alireza. (2017). Identifying environmental factors affecting the success of medical knowledge-based companies, Journal of Jihad University Health Sciences Research Institute, 16(5), 647-658. (in Persian)

Hanson, J. L.; Balmer, D. F., & Giardino, A. P. (2011). Qualitative Research Methods for Medical Educators, Academic Pediatrics, 11(5), 375-386.

Hosseinpour, Mohammad. (2020). Identifying, explaining and ranking indicators and factors for the creation and development of knowledge-based company’s Humanities fields. Library and Information Sciences, 2021, 24(1), pp. 50-77. (in Persian)        

Johnson, Scott G.; Schnatterly, Karen., & Hill, Aaron D. (2015). Board Composition. Beyond Independence: Social Capital, Human Capital, and Demographics, Journal of Management, 39(1), 232-262.

Kais, Mejri.; Jason, Alexander., & MacVaugh, Dimitrios Tsagdis. (2017). Knowledge configurations of small and medium-sized knowledge-intensive firms in a developing economy: A knowledge-based view of business-to-business internationalization, Industrial Marketing Management.

Lee, Y. J. (2010). Technology strategy by growth stage of technology-based venture companies, International Review of Business Research Papers, 6(6), 216-234.

Mohammadabadi, Masome.; Niyazazari, Kiomars., & jabari, Negin. (2018). The role of intellectual capital in improving the performance of knowledge-based companies with a futures research approach, Management Futures Research Quarterly, 28(114). (in Persian)

Niromand, Porandokht et al., (2013). Provide a framework for designing a business model, IT management, 5(4). (in Persian)

O‟Shea, R. P.; Chugh, H., & Allen, T. J. (2008). Determinants and consequences of university spinoffactivity: A conceptual framework, Journal of Technology Transfer, 33(6), 653– 66.

Palizdar, Kazem. et al., (2018). Investigating behavioral and environmental factors affecting the attraction of venture capitalists to invest in knowledge-based companies. Bi-Quarterly Journal of Economic Development Policy, 6(1). (in Persian)

Puhakka, V. (2017). Versatile and flexible use of intellectual capital in entrepreneurial opportunity discovery, Journal of Management Research, 2(1).

Rahimniya, Fariborz., & Ghaderi, Farshad. (2021). Strategic correlation between innovative strategies and performance of knowledge-based businesses. Growth and Technology Quarterly, 17(66). (in Persian)

Rannikko, H. (2016). »Early development of new technology based firms: a longitudinal analysis on new technology based firms« development from population level and firm level perspective. Hanken School of Economics.

Ronald, Helm.; & Mauroner, Oliver Success of Research-based Spin-Offs.State –of- the- art and Guidelines for Future Research RMS 1, p237-270. (2007).

Rowen, H., & Toyoda, A. (2002). From Keirestu to Startups: Japan‟s Push High Tech Entrepreneurship, Asia/Pacific Research Center, Encina Hall, Room E301, Stanford University, Stanford CA, 94306-6055,

Ruiz-Benitez, R., & Cambra-Fierro, J. (2011). Reverse Logistics Practices in theSpanish SMEs Context, Journal of Operations and Supply Chain Management, 4(1), 84-93. 

Safaee, Naser.; Taleghaniniya, Fereshte., & Kiyamanesh, Ahmad. (2018). Prioritization and analysis of effective criteria in the performance of knowledge-based organizations with a knowledge management approach in growth centers and science and technology parks in Tehran, Quarterly Journal of Growth and Technology, 15(57). (in Persian)

Scholten, V. (2016). The Early Growth of Academic Spin-offs, Factors Influencing the Early Growth of Dutch Spin-offs in the Life Sciences, Phd Thesis, Wageningen University and Research centrum, the Netherlands.

Shahgholiyan, Keyvan., & Zarabadi, Mojtaba. (2016). Presenting a model for evaluating the success factors of news associations in knowledge-based companies, Quarterly Journal of Development and Transformation Management, 26, 53-58. (in Persian)

Tahmasebi, Amin., & Hami, Mahsa. (2018). Identifying and prioritizing the factors affecting the success of knowledge-based industries, Quarterly Journal of Growth and Technology, 14(56). (in Persian)

Tayebi, Seyed Amir. (2019). Introduction to research method: Standard procedures for qualitative data analysis, Science and Technology Policy Quarterly, 9(2), 67-95. (in Persian)

Villasalero, Manuel. (2016). A resource-based analysis of realized knowledge relatedness in diversified firms, Journal of Business Research.

Zhang, I., & Luo G. (2005). Risk Assess meant for product- oriented and knowledge–based companies. Project report for information security course, 3(24).