A Re-examination of the Political and Religious Interests of Iranians during the 8th Century A.H. /14th Century A.D. in Ḥamdullāh Mustufī’s Viewpoint

تاریخ و فرهنگ

Article 1, Volume 54, Issue 1 - Serial Number 108, September 2022, Pages 9-37   

Document Type: Research Article

DOI: 10.22067/jhistory.2022.76666.1131

Author

Dr. MohammadReza Abui Mehrizi^*

Assistant Professor, International University of Ahlul Bayt

Abstract

The current study tries to unveil Mustufī’s viewpoint towards this religious opinion, using the descriptive-analytical method. The results confirm that although Ḥamdullāh Mustufī did not seek composing a religious text, he disclosed valuable information about the religious situation of his contemporary era. He clearly illustrates the common and main religious approaches of this era and describes the dispersal of different religious schools in Iran.

Keywords

Ḥamdullāh Mustufī; Iranianism; Taṣavvuf; Twelver Tasannun; Ilkhanate

References

Abarqūhi, Shams al-Dīn Ibrāhīm. Majmaʿ al-Baḥrīn. ed. Najīb Māyil Hiravī. Tehran: Intishārāt-i  Maūlā, 2015/1394.

Al-Shaybī, Kāmil Muṣṭafā. Hambastigī Mīyān-i Taṣavvūf va Tashayyuʿ. translated by ʿAlī  Akbar Shahābī. Tehran: University of Tehran, 1975/1353.

 

Al-Shaybī, Kāmil Muṣṭafā. Tashayyuʿ va Taṣavvūf tā Āghāz-i Sadih-yi Davāzdahum  Hijrī. translated by ʿAlī Riżā Zikāvatī Qarāgizlū. Tehran: Amīr Kabīr, 2009/1387.

 

Amīnī zādih, ʻAlī va Muḥammad ʻAlī Ranjbar. “Tasannun Davāzdah Imāmī Khurāsān(dar Sadih-hā-yi Hashtum va Nuhum-i Hijrī)”. Shiʿihshināsī. no.57(Spring 2018/1396): 65-94.

Azharī, Muḥammad Ibn Aḥmad. Tahdhīb al-Lugha. Beirut: Dār Ihyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʻArabī, 2006/1427.

Bākharzī, Abū al-Mafākhir Yaḥyā. Avrād al-Aḥbāb va Fuṣūṣ al-Ādāb. ed. Iraj Afshār. Tehran: Intishārāt-i University of Tehran, 2005/1383.

Banākatī, Dāwud ibn Muḥammad. Rawḍa ūli al-albāb fī Maʿrifa al-Tawārīkh wa al-Ansāb. ed. Jaʿfar Shuʿār. Tehran: Anjuman-i Āsār va Mafākhir-i Farhangī, 2000/1378.

Bausani, A. “Dīn dar Dūrih-yi Mughūl”. Az Majmūʻih-yi Tārīkh-i Irān Pazhūhish-i University of Cambridge: az Āmadan-i Saljūqīyān tā Furūpāsh-yi Dawlat Ilkhānān, compiled by J. A. Boyle, translated by Ḥasan Anūshih, vol. 5, 511-520. Tehran: Intishārāt-i Amīr Kabīr, 1993/1371.

 

 

Bausani, A. “Dīn dar Dūrih-yi Saljūqī”. Az Majmūʻih-yi Tārīkh-i Irān Pazhūhish-i University of Cambridge: az Āmadan-i Saljūqīyān tā Furūpāsh-yi Dawlat Ilkhānān, compiled by J. A. Boyle, translated by Ḥasan Anūshih, vol. 5, 271-288. Tehran: Intishārāt-i Amīr Kabīr, 1993/1371.

 

 

Bīrūnī, Abūriyḥān Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad. Āthār al-Bāqīyah ʿan al-Qurūn al-Khālīyah. ed.  Parvīz Azkāyī. Tehran: Markaz-i Nashr-i Mīrās-i Maktūb, 2002/1380.

 

Black, Antony. Tārīkh-i Andīshih-yi Sīyāsī Islām az ʻAṣr-i Payāmbar tā Imrūz. translated by Muḥammad Ḥusayn Vaqār. Tehran: Intishārāt-i  Iṭilāʻāt, 2015/1393.

Futūḥ al-Mujāhidīn fī Radd al-Mutadallisīn. Nuskhih-yi Khaṭṭī Kitābkhānih Majlis Shurāy Islāmī, no. 10720.

 

Ḥājī Khalīfih, Muṣṭafā ibn ʻAbd Allāh. Kashf al-Ẓunūn ʻAn Asāmī  al-Kutub va al-Funūn. ed. Sayyid Shahāb al-Dīn Ḥusaynī Maraʿshī Najafī. Beirut: Dār Ihyāʾ al-Turāth al- ʿArabī, s.d.

 

Hamadānī, Khājah Rashīd al-Dīn Fażl Allāh, Jāmiʿ al-Tavārīkh (Tārīkh-i Āl-i Saljūq). ed. Muḥammad Rūshan. Tehran: Markaz-i Pazhūhishī Mīrās Maktūb, 2008/1386.

 

Hamadānī, Khājah Rashīd al-Dīn Fażl Allāh. Jāmiʿ al-Tavārīkh(Tārīkh-i Ismāʻilīyān). ed. Muḥammad Rūshan. Tehran: Markaz-i Pazhūhishī Mīrās Maktūb, 2009/1387.

 

Ḥamawī, Yāqūt ibn ʿAbd Allāh , Muʿjam al-Buldān, Beirut: Dar Ṣādir, 1995/1373.

 

Ḥusaynī Qādirī  Jāmī, Mīr Jamāl al-Dīn Muḥammad. Kachkūl Mīr Jamāl al-Dīn Muḥammad. Nuskhih-yi Khaṭṭī Kitābkhānih-yi Majlis Shurāy Islāmī, no.8841.

 

Ḥusaynī Yazdī, Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad. al-ʿUrāḍa fī al-Ḥikāya al-Saljūqīya. ed. Maryam Mīr Shamsī. Tehran:  Bunyād-i Mūqūfāt-i Afshār, 2010/1388.

 

Ibn Bazzāz Ardabīlī, Darvish Tavakkulī Ibn Ismāʻil. Ṣafa al-Ṣafā. ed. Ghulām Riżā Ṭabāṭābāʾī Majd.  Tehran: Intishārāt-i Zaryāb, 1997/1376.

 

Irbilī, Bahāʾ al-Dīn ʻAlī ibn ʿIysā.  Kashf al-Ghumma fī Maʻrifa al-A’imma. Hamrah bā  Translated and explained by ʻAlī ibn Ḥasan Zavārihī  Mūsūm bi Tarjama al-Manāqib. ed. Āqā Sayyid  Ibrāhīm Miyānjī. Tehran: Intishārāt-i Islāmīyya, 2002/1381.

 

Jaʿfarīyān, Rasūl. “Futūḥ al-Mujāhidīn va Naqd-i Mull Muḥammad Ṭāhir Qumī”. Āynih-yi Mīrās. yr. 4, no.33-34 (2007/1385): 180-194.

 

Jaʿfarīyān, Rasūl. Tārīkh Tashayʻ dar Irān az Āghāz tā Ṭulūʿ Davlat Ṣafavī. Tehran: Nashr-i ʻIlm, 2010/1388.

 

Jāmī, ʻAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Aḥmad. Nafaḥāt al-uns min Ḥażarāt al-Quds. ed.  Mahdī Tawḥīdī pūr. Tehran: Intishārāt-i Saʿdī, 1988/1366.

 

Javādī, Qāsim va Sayyid Murtiżā ʿĀdilī. “ʿAlāʾ  al-Dawlah Simnānī bi Musābih-yi Sunī Davāzdah Imāmī”. Nashriyih-yi Sukhan-i Tārīkh. no.25 (spring and summer 2018 /1396): 103-120.

 

Jawharī, Ismāʻil Ibn Ḥammād. al-Ṣiḥāḥ. researched by Aḥmad ʻAbd al-Ghafur ʻAṭṭār. Beirut: Dār al-ʻIlm li-l-Malāyīn, 1998/1376.

 

Karbalāʾī Tabrīzī, Ḥāfiẓ Ḥusayn. Rawżāt al-Jinān va Jannāt al-Janān. ed. Jaʿfar Sulṭān al-Qarrāʾ ī. Tabrīz: Intishārāt-i Sutūdih, 2005/1383.

 

Khāfī Khān Niẓām al-Malikī, Muḥammad Hāshim. Muntakhab-ul Lubāb. ed.  Mūlavī Kabīr al-Dīn Aḥmad Ṣāḥib, Asiatic Society of Bengal, Kolkata: Maṭbaʿ Maẓhar al-ʿAjāyib, 1874.

 

Khalīlī Qazvīnī, Khalīl ibn ʿAbd Allāh. al-Irshād fī Maʿrifa ʿUlamāʾ al-Ḥadīth. researched by Muḥammad Saʿīd ibn ʿUmar Idrīs. Rīyāḍ: Maktaba al-Rushd li-l-Nashr wa al-Tawzī ʿ, 1989/1409.

 

Khunjī Isfahānī, Faḍl Allāh ibn Ruzbahān. Mihmānnāmah-yi Bukhārā. ed. Manūchir Sutūdih. Tehran: Bungāh-i Tarjamah va Nashr-i Kitāb, 1963/1341.

 

Khunjī Isfahānī, Faḍl Allāh ibn Ruzbahān. Tārīkh-i ʿĀlam Ārā-yi ʿAbāsī. ed. Muḥammad Akbar ʿAtiq. Tehran: Markaz-i Nashr-i Mīrās-i Maktūb, 2004/1382.

 

Khunjī Isfahānī, Faḍl Allāh ibn Ruzbahān. Wasīlat al-Khādim ilā al-Makhdūm dar Sharḥ-i Ṣalawāt-i Chahārdah Maʿṣūm(AS), ed.  Rasūl Jaʿfarīyān. Qum: Kitābkhānih-yi Buzurg-i Āyat Allāh al-ʿUẓmā Marʿashī, Ganjīnih-yi Jahānī-i Makhṭūṭāt-i Islāmī, 1994/1372.

 

Lārī, Muṣliḥ al-Dīn Muḥammad. Mirʾāt al-Advār  va Mirqāt al-Akhbār.  ed. Sayyid Jalīl Sāghravānīyān. Tehran: Markaz-i Pazhūhishī Mīrās-i Maktūb, 2015/1393.

 

Madelung, Wilferd. Firqah-hā-yi Islāmī. translated by Abū al-Qāsim Sirrī. Tehran: Intishārāt-i Asāṭīr, 1998/1377.

Madelung, Wilferd. Maktab-hā va Firqah-hā-yi Islāmī dar Sadah-hā-yi Mīyānah. translated by Javād Qāsimī. Mashhad: Bunyād-i Pazhūhish-hā-yi Islāmī Āstān Quds Rażavī, 1996/1375.

 

Mībudī, Qāżī Mīr Ḥusayn ibn Muʿīn al-Dīn. Sharḥ-i Dīvān-i Mansūb bi Amīr al-Muʾminīn ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib(AS). ed. Ḥasan  Raḥmānī va Sayyid Ibrāhīm Ashk Shīrīn. Tehran: Markaz-i Pazhūhishī Mīrās-i Maktūb, 2001/1379.

 

Mujmal al-Tavārīkh va al-Qiṣaṣ. ed. Malik al-Shuʿarāʾ Bahār. Tehran: Kulālah-yi Khāvar, 1940/1318.

 

Mustawfī, Ḥamd Allāh. Nuzhat al-Qulūb.  Nuskhih Bargardān Dastnivīs shumārih-yi 4517, Kitābkhānih-yi Fātiḥ-i Istānbūl, bā Muqaddamih-yi English Denise Aigle va bā Muqaddamih-yi fārsī ʿAlī Ṣafarī Āq Qaliʿh. Tehran: Mūʾassisa Pazhūhishī Mīrās-i Maktūb, 2021/1399.

 

Mustawfī, Ḥamd Allāh. Nuzhat al-Qulūb. ed. Mīr Hāshim Muḥaddis. Tehran: Safīr-i Ardihāl, 2018/1396.

 

Mustawfī, Ḥamd Allāh. Tārīkh-i Quzīdih. ed. ʿAbd al-Ḥusayn Navāyī. Tehran: Intishārāt-i Amīr Kabīr, 1986/1364.

 

Mustawfī, Ḥamd Allāh. Ẓafarnāmah bi Inżimām-i Shāhnāmah-yi Abū al-Qāsim Firdūsī, ed. Ḥamd Allāh Mustūfī, chap ʿAksī az Nuskhih-yi khaṭṭī muvarrikh 807A.H. dar Kitābkhānih-yi Birītānīyā (OR.2833), ed. Naṣr Allāh Pūrjavādī va Nuṣrt Allāh Rastigār. Tehran-Vienna: Markaz-i Nashr-i Dānishgāhī va Intishārāt-i Ākādimī  ʿUlūm-i Austria, 1999/1377.

 

Nakhjavānī, Hindūshāh. Tajārib al-Salaf. ed. ʿAbās Iqbāl Āshtīyānī. Tehran: Maṭbaʿa Fardīn, 1935/1313.

 

Nakhjavānī, Muḥammad ibn Hindūshāh. Dastūr al-Kātib fī Taʿyīn al-Marātib. ed. ʿAbd al-Karīm ʿAlī Ūghlī ʿAlī zādih. Moscow: Farhangistān-i ʿUlūm-i Jumhūrī-i Shūravī Sūsīyālīstī Azarbāyjān, 1976.

 

Nasafī, ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz ibn Muḥammad. Kashf al-Ḥaqāiq. ed. Aḥmad Mahdavī Dāmghānī. Tehran: Bungāh-i Tarjamah va Nashr-i Kitāb, 1966/1344.

 

Naṣīrī, Muḥammad Ibrāhīm. Dastūr-i Shahryārān. ed. Nādir Naṣīrī Muqaddam.  Tehran: Bunyād Mūqūfāt Duktur Maḥmūd Afshār, 1995/1373.

 

Nayshābūrī, Ẓahīr al-Dīn. Saljūqnāmah. ed. Mīrzā Ismāʻil Afshār (Ḥamīd al-Muluk). Tehran: Intishārāt-i Asāṭīr, 2012/1390.

 

Pārsā, Khājih Muḥammad. Faṣl al-Khiṭāb. ed.  Jalīl Misgarnizhād. Tehran: Markaz-i Nashr-i Dānishgāhī, 2003/1381.

 

Qāshānī, ʿAbd Allāh ibn Muḥammad. Tārīkh-i Ūljāytū. ed. Mahīn Hambalī. Tehran: Intishārāt-i ʿIlmī va Farhangī, 2006/1384.

 

Qaṣṣābī Gazkūh, Jalīl; ʿAbāsī, Javād va Bushrā Dilrīsh. “Jāyshināsī Mazhabī Irān ʿAṣr-i Iīlkhānī bā takīyyih bar Nuzhat al-Qulūb”. Nashrīyih-yi Muṭāliʿāt-i Tārīkh-i Islām. no. 33 (Summer 2018/1396): 145-170.

 

Rāfiʿī Qazwīnī, ʻAbd al-Karīm ibn Muḥammad. al-Tadwīn fī Akhbār Qazwīn. ed. ʿAzīz Allāh ʿAṭārudī Qūchānī. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub-i ʿIlmīyya, 1988/1408.

 

Ṣāliḥī, Najmah. “Bāztāb-i Awżāʿ Jāmiʿih-yi ʿAṣr-i Iīlkhānī dar Āsār-i Ḥamd Allāh Mustawfī(680-750 A.H.)”. Majallah-yi  Jāmiʿih. Yr.1, no. 1(autumn  2020/1398): 33-56.

 

Shādān, Jabrīl. “Tārīkhnāmah-yi Banākatī(Ḥalqih-ī az Nigārish-hā-yi Tasannun-i Davāzdah Imāmī)”. Majallah-yi Akhlāq. No. 4-5(winter 2001/1379- spring 2002/1380): 152-166.

 

Shafaq, Ismāʻil. “Tasannun-i Davāzdah Imāmī  Ḥāfiẓ”. Nashrīyih-yi Muṭāliʿāt-i Adabīyāt-i Shīʿī. no. 1 (Isfand 2022/1400): 93-120.

 

Shāh Niʿmat Allāh Valī,  Sayyid  Nūr al-Dīn. Kulīyāt-i Ashʿār. ed. Javād Nūrbakhsh. Tehran: Mihrāyīn, 1996/1374.

 

Simnānī, Shīkh ʿAlāʾ  al-Dawlah. al-ʿUrwah li-Ahl-i al-Khalwah wa al-Jalwah. ed. Najīb Māyil Hiravī. Tehran: Intishārāt-i Mawlā, 984/1362.

 

Simnānī, Shīkh ʿAlāʾ  al-Dawlah. Chihil Majlis. taḥrīr-i Amīr Iqbāl ibn Sābiq Sajistānī. bih ihtimām-i ʿAbd al-Rafīʿ Ḥaqīqat. Tehran: Intishārāt-i Asāṭīr, 2001/1379.

 

Subkī, Tāj al-Dīn ʻAbd al-Wahhāb. Ṭabaqāt al-Shāfiʿīya al-Kubrā. researched by ʻAbd al-Fattāḥ Muḥammad al-Ḥuluw wa Maḥmud Muḥammad al-Ṭanāḥī. Cairo: Dār al-Iḥyāʾ al-Kutub al-ʻArabīyya, s.d.