ارزیابی اثرات حذف یونجه و کاهش میزان علوفه بر عملکرد بره‌های پرواری نژاد افشاری

پژوهشهای علوم دامی ایران

مقاله 2، دوره 15، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 53، فروردین 1402، صفحه 17-28   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/ijasr.2022.73295.1049

نویسندگان

زهرا محبوبی^* ؛ ناصر کریمی؛ عباس جهان بخشی

گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد ورامین، پیشوا

چکیده

به­منظور بررسی اثرات کاهش میزان علوفه و همچنین حذف یونجه بر عملکرد بره­های پرواری نژاد افشاری، آزمایشی با استفاده از تعداد 36 رأس بره نر نژاد افشار با میانگین وزن زنده 9/1± 53/32 کیلوگرم و میانگین سن 63/6 ± 93 روزگی  به‌مدت 90 روز، بر اساس آزمایش فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح کاملاً تصادفی انجام ­شد. جیره­های آزمایشی شامل: تیمار 1) 80 درصد کنسانتره و 20 درصد علوفه (10 درصد کاه­ گندم و 10 درصد یونجه)، تیمار 2) 80 درصد کنسانتره و 20 درصد علوفه (20 درصد کاه­ گندم و صفر درصد یونجه)، تیمار 3) 90 درصد کنسانتره و 10 درصد علوفه (پنچ درصد کاه گندم و پنج درصد یونجه) و تیمار 4) 90 درصد کنسانتره و 10 درصد علوفه (10 درصد کاه ­گندم و صفر درصد یونجه) بود. جیره­های آزمایشی بر اساس جداول استاندارد غذایی (2007) NRC تنظیم شده و مواد خوراکی تشکیل‌دهنده جیره­ها و ارزش غذایی آن‌ها مشابه بود. ترکیب شیمیایی جیره‌ها با تغییر نسبت علوفه به کنسانتره تغییر یافت و با افزایش کنسانتره در جیره‌ها میزان NFC افزایش و در مقابل درصد NDF کاهش یافت. ماده خشک مصرفی و افزایش وزن روزانه برای تیمار چهار به‌طور معنی­داری بیشتر از تیمارهای دیگر بود. تیمار چهار  به ‌لحاظ عددی ضریب تبدیل غذایی کمتری (1/6) در مقایسه با سه تیمار دیگر داشت. نتایج مربوط به مقایسه اقتصادی نشان­ داد که بره­های تغذیه شده با 90 درصد کنسانتره و 10 درصد کاه گندم سوددهی بیشتری در مقایسه با سایر گروه­ها داشتند. به­طور کلی، از نتایج این مطالعه می‌توان گزارش کرد که افزایش کنسانتره و حذف یونجه در جیره باعث بالا رفتن مصرف خوراک و افزایش وزن روزانه و در مجموع، وزن نهایی بالاتر در بره­های پرواری می‌شود و همچنین بالاترین تأثیر را روی سوددهی پروار دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

بره افشار؛ پرواربندی؛ جیره؛ حذف یونجه؛ سوددهی

مراجع

1. Allen, M.S. )2000(. Effects of diet on short-term regulation of feed intake by lactating dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science, 83(7), 1598 -1624. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(00)75030-2.
2. Abarghani, A., Bojarpour, M., & Fayazi, J. (2010). The effect of replacement sugar beet pulp with barely on performance and carcass characteristics of Moghani male lambs. Iranian Journal of Animal Science Research, 2(2), 125-132. (In Persian).  22067/IJASR.V2I2.4092.
3. AFRC. 1992. Technical Committee on Responses to Nutrients. Report No. 9. Nutritive requirements of ruminant animal: protein. Nutrition Abstracts and Reviews Series B, 62 (12), 787-835.
4. Agle, M., Hristov, A.N., Zaman, S., Schneider, C.P., Ndegwa, M., Vaddella, V.K. (2010). Effect of dietary concentrate on rumen fermentation, digestibility, and nitrogen losses in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 93(9), 4211-4222. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2009-2977.
5. Aguerre, M.­J., Wattiaux, M.­A., Powell, J.­M., Broderick, G.­A., & Arndt, C. (2011). Effect of forage-to-concentrate ratio in dairy cow diets on emission of methane, carbon dioxide, and ammonia, lactation performance, and manure excretion. Journal of Dairy Science, 94(6), 3081-3093. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2010-4011.
6. Arbabi, S., Ghoorchi, T., Ramezanpour, S. S., & Torbatinejad, N. (2014). Effects of forage to concentrate ratios based on faba bean on fermentation, cellulase enzyme activity, and population of bacteria in rumen sheep. Ph.D. Thesis Faculty of Animal Nutrition, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Iran.
7. Albayrak, S., Turk, M., Yuksel, O., & Yilmaz, M. (2011). Forage yield and the quality of perennial legume-grass mixtures under rainfed conditions. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca, 39(1),114-118. https://doi.org/10.15835/nbha3915853.
8. AOAC. 2000. Official Methods of Analysis, 17th Edition. Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Arlington, VA, USA.
9. Arjmand, M., Kiani, A., Azarfar, A., Azizi, A., and Fadayifar, A. (2021). Effect of diet concentrate level and fattening period duration on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and rumen parameters in male Lori-Bakhtiari lambs. Animal Production Research, 10(1), 51-63. (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22124/AR.2021.15450.1491.
10. Bingol, N.T., Karsli, M.A., Yilmaz, I.­H., & Bolat, D. (2007). The effects of planting time and combination on the nutrient composition and digestible dry matter yield of four mixtures of vetch varieties intercropped with barley. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 31(5), 297-302. https://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/veterinary/vol31/iss5/3.
11. Cantalapiedra-Hijar, G., Yáñez-Ruiz, D.­R., Martín-García, A.I., & Molina-Alcaide, E. (2014). Effects of forage:concentrate ratio and forage type on apparent digestibility, ruminal fermentation, and microbial growth in goats.­ Journal of Animal Science, 87(2), 622-631. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2008-1142.
12. Carruthers, V.R., Neil, P.G., Dalley, D.E. (1997). Effect of altering the non-structural: Structural carbohydrate ratio in a pasture diet on milk production and ruminal metabolites in cows in early and late lactation. Journal of Animal Science, 64(3), 393-402. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1357729800015988.
13. Chen, G.J., Song, S.D., Wang, B.X., Zhang, Z.F., Peng, Z.L., Guo, C.H., Zhong, J.C., and Wang, Y. (2015). Effects of forage: Concentrate ratio on growth performance, ruminal fermentation and blood metabolites in housing-feeding yaks. Journal of Animal Sciences. 28(12), 1736–1741. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.15.0419.
14. Dabiri, N. (1997). Enrichment of woody materials with urea solution and its economic effect on the production capacity of fattening lambs. Ahvaz Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 20, 81-102. (In Persian).
15. Desnoyers, M., Duvaux-Ponter, C., Rigalma, K., Roussel, S., Martin, O., & Giger-Reverdin, S. (2008). Effect of concentrate percentage on ruminal pH and time-budget in dairy goats. Journal of Animal Science, 2(12), 1802-1808. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731108003157.
16. Elizalde, J. C., Cremin, J. D., Faulkner, D. B., & Merchen, N. R. (1998). Perfprmance and digestion by steers grazing tall fescue and supplemented with energy and protein. Journal of Animal Science, 76(6), 1691–1701. https://doi.org/10.2527/1998.7661691x.
17. Gholami, H., & Babaei, M. (2021). Investigating the benefits of using different levels of concentrate in the diet of male Raeinian goat kids. Applied Animal Science Research Journal, 10(38), 41–50. (In Persian). https://doi.org/22092/AASRJ.2021.354271.1231.
18. Haddad, S.G., Ata, M.­A. (2009). Growth performance of lambs fed on diets varying in concentrate and wheat straw. Small Ruminant Research, 81(2), 96-99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2008.11.015.
19. Hall, M.B., Larson, C.C., Wilcox, C.J. (2010). Carbohydrate source and protein degradability alter lactation, ruminal, and blood measures. Journal of Dairy Science, 93(1), 311–322. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2009-2552.
20. Jarrige, Dulphy, J.­P., Faverdin, P., Baumont,­ R. and Demarquilly, C. (1995). The nutrition and activities of digestion and rumination in the domestic ruminants. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Paris, France.
21. Kaki, N., , Kiani, A., Azizi, A. (2019). Interaction effects of concentrate level and duration of fattening period in lambs on in vitro gas production, fermentation parameters, and volatile fatty acid concentration. Iranian Journal of Animal Science, 50(2),159-169. https://doi.org/10.22059/ijas.2019.280988.653702.
22. Kendall, C., Leonardi, C., Hoffman, P.­C., & Combs, D.­K. (2009). Intake and milk production of cows fed diets that differed in dietary neutral detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber digestibility. Journal of Dairy Science, 92(1), 313–323. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2008-1482.
23. .Murphy, M., Akerlind, M., & Holtenius, K. (2000). Rumen fermentation in lactating cows selected for milk fat content fed two forage to concentrate ratios with hay or silage. Journal of Dairy Science, 83)4),756–764. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(00)74938-1.
24. Minor, D.­J., Trower, S.­L., Strang, B.­D., Shaver, R.­D. and Grummer, R.­R. (1998). Effects of non-fiber carbohydrate and niacin on periparturient metabolic status and lactation of dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 81,189–200. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(98)75566-3.
25. Nahed, J., Solis, C., Grande, D., sangines, L., Mendoza, G., & Perez-Gill, F. (2003). Evaluation of the use of Buddleia skutchii tree leaves and Kikuyu (Pennisetum clandestinum) grass hay in sheep feeding. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 106(4), 209-217. DOI:1016/S0377-8401(03)00061-0.
26. Nik-khah, A., Asadi Moghadam, , Qarbash, M. (1992). The effect of three rations with different levels of energy on fattening performance of Atabai and Zel lamb. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 3, 67-81. (In Persian).
27. Nik-khah, A., Asadi Moghaddam, R. (1986). Study of weight gain, nutritional efficiency and carcass characteristics of Iranian tail and tailless lambs. The Second Fattening Seminar of Moghan Plain, 42-59. (In Persian).
28. NRC. 2007. National Research Council nutrient require ments of small ruminants: sheep, goats. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
29. Papi, N., Tehrani, A. (2017). Effects of dietary concentrate levels on growth performance, feed intake and carcass characteristics of fattening Chall male lambs. Journal of Ruminant Research, 2, 55-57. (In Persian). https://doi.org/22069/ejrr.2017.13361.1556.
30. Parsaei, s., & khadivi, H. (1995). Effect of metabolisable energy content and crude protein on male lamb fattening of Northern Khorasan Kordi sheep. Research and Construction, 8(4):114-119. (In Persian). https://doi.org/ 22092/VJ.1995.112664.
31. Rezaii, F., Danesh Mesgaran, M., Heravi Moussavi, A.(2011). Effects of the source of non-fiber carbohydrates on in vitro first order ruminal disappearance kinetics of dry matter and NDF of various feeds. Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research, 12(2), 222-229. (In Persian). https://doi.org/22099/IJVR.2011.69.
32. Rong,Y., Yuan, F. and Johnson, D.­A. (2014). Addition of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) to lamb diets enhances production and profits in northern China. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 26,224. http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd26/12/rong26224.htm.
33. Van cleef, F. D. O. S., Ezequiel, J. M. B., Aurea, A. P., Aurea, M. T. C., Perez, H. L., & Van clef, E. H. C. (2016). Feeding behavior, nutrient digestibility, and feedlot performance, carcass traits, and meat characteristics of crossbred lambs fed high levels of yellow grease or soybean oil. Small Ruminant Research, 137, 151-156. DOI:1016/j.smallrumres.2016.03.012.
34. Van Soest, P.V., Robertson, ­B. and Lewis, B.A. (1991). Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science, 74(10), 3583-3597. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91)78551-2.
35. Van Vleck, L. D. (1993). Selection with more than one trait measured. p. 151-170 in Selection Index and Introduction to Mixed Model CRC Press, Ann Arbor, MI.
36. Zhao, T. Z., Li, H.Y. (2009). Study on ruminal degradation of mainly protein and fiber sources in dairy diets. Contemp Anim Husb, 11,29–32.