پاسخ‌های مورفو-فیزیولوژیکی و عملکردی ژنوتیپ‌های کینوا (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) به کاربرد کلات پتاس و روی تحت شرایط تنش خشکی

پژوهشهای زراعی ایران

مقاله 8، دوره 21، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 70، تیر 1402، صفحه 243-264   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jcesc.2022.78159.1191

نویسندگان

یاسر زحمتکش¹؛ محمد پسرکلی^{* 2}؛ علیرضا سوهانی دربانی³

¹دانشجوی دکتری فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد دامغان، ایران

²گروه کشاورزی، دانشگاه آریزونا، آمریکا

³دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد مشهد، ایران

چکیده

به‌منظور مطالعه پاسخ‌های مورفو-فیزیولوژیکی و عملکردی سه ژنوتیپ کینوا به محلول‌پاشی کلات‌های روی و پتاسیم تحت شرایط تنش خشکی در مزرعه آموزشی پژوهشی –دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد مشهد واقع در گلبهار در طی دو سال زراعی 98-1397 و 99-1398 انجام شد. آزمایش به‌صورت اسپلیت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار بود. تنش خشکی در چهار سطح در کرت‌های اصلی (آبیاری معمول به‌عنوان تیمار شاهد، 75 درصد ظرفیت زراعی، 50 درصد ظرفیت زراعی و 25 درصد ظرفیت زراعی) و در کرت‌های فرعی ترکیب تیماری ارقام گیاه کینوا در سه سطح (Q26، Q29 و Titicaca) و محلول‌پاشی در چهار سطح (عدم محلول‌پاشی به‌عنوان شاهد، کلات روی 100 درصد، کلات پتاس 100 درصد و 50 درصد تلفیق کلات روی و پتاس) مورد آزمایش قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد با افزایش شدت تنش بر میزان شاخص‌های رشدی و عملکردی و رنگیزه‌های فتوسنتزی کاسته شد. همچنین نتایج نشان داد تیمار محلول‌پاشی ترکیبی نسبت به دیگر تیمارها ارتفاع، وزن بوته، تعداد دانه، عملکرد دانه و بیولوژیک بیشتری داشتند. هرچند ارقام مختلف نسبت به صفات مختلف واکنش متفاوتی داشتند ولی بیشترین وزن بوته، تعداد دانه، وزن هزاردانه، عملکرد دانه و کلروفیل a و b در رقم Q26 به‌دست آمد. همچنین در سال دوم آزمایش در شرایط سطوح مختلف آبیاری و همین‌طور سطوح مختلف محلول‌پاشی رشد و عملکرد گیاه به‌طور قابل‌توجهی نسبت به سال اول افزایش داشت. به‌طور کلی می‌توان اظهار داشت که کاربرد کودهای محلول‌پاشی توانست اثرات تنش خشکی را کاهش دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

رنگیزه‌های فتوسنتزی؛ عملکرد دانه؛ عملکرد بیولوژیک؛ ظرفیت زراعی

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