ارزیابی میزان هتروزیس و وراثت‌پذیری صفات کمی و گروه‌بندی ارقام جدید و ژنوتیپ‌های رازیانه (Foeniculum vulgare. Mill)

پژوهشهای زراعی ایران

مقاله 4، دوره 21، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 70، تیر 1402، صفحه 173-188   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jcesc.2022.76727.1175

نویسندگان

اعظم اکبری¹؛ علی ایزدی دربندی^{* 2}؛ حسین رامشینی²؛ محسن ابراهیمی²

¹دانشجوی دکتری، اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده فناوری کشاورزی ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

²دانشکده فناوری کشاورزی ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

رازیانه گیاهی دگرگرده‌افشان و یکی از مهم‌ترین گیاهان دارویی خانواده چتریان است، که اسانس آن در صنایع مختلف دارویی، غذایی و آرایشی کاربرد فراوان دارد. بهبود عملکرد یکی از اهداف مهم به‌نژادی محسوب می‌شود و بهره‌گیری از هتروزیس به‌عنوان یکی از ابزارهای قدرتمند جهت ارتقای عملکرد همیشه مورد توجه به‌نژادگران بوده است. به‌منظور بررسی میزان عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد و میزان هتروزیس صفات مهم ارقام اصلاح‌شده رازیانه، سه رقم اصلاح‌شده سینتتیک به همراه هشت والد برتر در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. براساس نتایج تجزیه واریانس اختلاف ژنوتیپ‌های مورد مطالعه برای همه صفات معنی‌دار شد. در ارقام سینتتیک میانرس و دیررس میزان عملکرد دانه و عملکرد اسانس به‌طور معنی‌داری بالاتر از سایر ژنوتیپ‌ها بود و میزان هتروزیس عملکرد آن‌ها نسبت به میانگین والدین مثبت و به‌ترتیب 39% و 38% بود است، ارزیابی میزان هتروزیس نشان داد که ارقام سینتتیک در اکثر صفات نسبت به والدین برتری داشت. وراثت‌پذیری عمومی برای صفات مختلف بین 34% تا 93% برآورد گردید در این بررسی ضرایب تنوع فنوتیپی کلیه صفات بیشتر از ضرایب تنوع ژنتیکی بود که نشان‌دهنده وجود اثرات عوامل محیطی بر این صفات بود. تجزیه به مؤلفه‌های اصلی نشان داد که 4 مؤلفه اول بیش از 90 درصد تغییرات کل واریانس را توجیه می‌نمایند. بر اساس تجزیه خوشه‌ای به روش وارد ژنوتیپ‌ها در چهار گروه قرار گرفتند. می‌توان انتظار داشت که این ارقام سینتتیک بتوانند پس از ثبت به‌عنوان رقم تجاری، در بازار گیاهان دارویی معرفی و گسترش یابند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

ارقام سنتتیک؛ وراثت‌پذیری؛ هتروزیس

مراجع

1. Aastveit, A. H., & Aastveit, K. (1990). Theory and application of open-pollination and polycross in forage grass breeding. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 79, 618-624.
2. Abhay, D. & Sastry, E. V. D. (2011). Variability, character association and path coefficient analysis in fennel. Indian Journal of Horticulture, 68(3), 351-356.
3. Adhikari, A., Ibrahim, A. M. H., Rudd, J. C., Baenziger, P. S., & Sarazin, J. B. (2020). Estimation of heterosis and combining abilities of U.S. winter wheat germplasm for hybrid development in Texas. Crop Science, 60(1), 788-803. https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.20020
4. Agnihotri, P., Dashora, S. L., & Sharma, R. K. (1997). Variability, correlation and path analysis in fennel (Foeniculum vulgare ). Journal of Spices Aromatic Crops, 6, 51-54.
5. Akbari, A., Izadi Darbandi, A., Bahmani, K., & Ramshin, H. A. (2016). Relationships between seed yield and plant characteristics in synthetic cultivars and elite ecotypes of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) under drought stress conditions. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences, 17(4), 301-314. (in Persian).
6. Akbari, A., Izadi Darbandi, A., Bahmani, K., & Ramshini, H. A. (2015). Evaluation of drought tolerance in synthetic varieties and superior ecotypes of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare). Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences, 17(3), 193-204. (in Persian).
7. Amato, G., Stringia, L., & Glamal, D. (1997). Evaluation of progenies of sulla (Hedgsarum Coronarium) derive from Sicilian landraces. Rivista- di- Agronomia, 31, 166-769.
8. Arzani, A. (2008). Breeding Field Crops. Isfahan University of Technology Publication. Isfahan, Iran. 660 pp.
9. Bahmani, K., Izadi Darbandi, A., & Sadat Noori, S. A. (2014). Evaluation of essential oil content and components in some Iranian fennel ecotypes. Journal of Crop Improvement, 15(4), 13-24. (in Persian).
10. Bahmani, K., Izadi Darbandi, A., & Akbari, A. (2016). Development of drought tolerant synthetic cultivars of fennel and their assessment under normal and drought conditions at stage after flowering. Iranian Journal of Rangelands and Forests Plant Breeding and Genetic Research, 24(1), 29-41. (in Persian).
11. Bahmani, K., Izadi Darbandi, A., Ramshini, H. A., Moradi, N., & Akbari, A. (2015). Agromorphological and phytochemical diversity of various Iranian fennel landraces. Industrial Crops and Products, 77, 282- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.08.059
12. Bahmani, K., Izadi-Darbandi, A., Jafari, A. A., Sadat Noori, S. A., & Farajpour, M. (2012). Assessment of genetic diversity in iranian fennels using ISSR markers. Journal of Agricultural Science, 4, 79-84. https://doi.org/5539/jas.v4n9p79
13. Bahmani, K., Izadi-Darbandi, A., Sadat Noori, S. A., & Jaari, A. A. (2013). Assessment of the genetic diversity in Iranian fennels by RAPD markers , Journal of Herbs Spices & Medicinal Plants, 19(3), https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-014-1103-7
14. Blum, A. (2013) Heterosis, stress, and the environment: a possible road map towards the general improvement of crop yield. Journal of Experimental Botany, 64(16), 4829-4837. https://doi.org/1093/jxb/ert289
15. Canter, P. H., Thomas, H., & Ernst, E. (2005). Bringing medicinal plants into cultivation: opportunities and challenges for biotechnology. Trends in Biotechnology, 23(4), 180-185. https://doi.org/1016/j.tibtech.2005.02.002
16. Cosge, B., Kiralan, M., & Gurbuz, B. (2008). Characteristics of fatty acids and essential oil from sweet fennel (Foeniculum vulgare var. dulce) and bitter fennel fruits (F. vulgare Mill. var. vulgare) growing in Turkey. Natural Product Research, 22, 1011-1016. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786410801980675
17. Dashora, A., Sastry, E. V. D., Singh, D., & Nagda, A. K. (2003). Combining ability analysis in varietal crosses of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare ). Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 63, 89-90.
18. FAO, 2012. fao.org/faostat-gateway/go/to /download/P/PM/E
19. Farshadfar, A. (2005). The Application of Quantitative Genetics in Plant Breeding. Kermanshah Razi University Press, Kermanshah, Iran
20. Farsi, M., & Baqheri, A. (2006). Principles of Plant Breeding. Publication of Jahad Daneshgahi of Mashhad. Third edition: 116 p. (in Persian).
21. Farzaneh, A., Ebadi, M. T., Nemati, S. H., & Arouiee, H. (2011). Evaluation of germination factors of two improved cultivars and one Iranian landrace of cornflower (Centaurea cyanus) under salt stress conditions. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 27(1), 161-172. (in Persian).
22. Fu, D., Xiao, M., Hayward, A., Fu, Y., Liu, G., Jiang, G., & Zhang, H. (2014). Utilization of crop heterosis: a review. Euphytica, 197, 161-173. https://doi.org/1007/s10681-014-1103-7
23. Hanson, A. A. (1988). Alfaalfa and Alfaalfa improvement. Academic press. pp: 784.
24. Honarnejad, R. (1993). Principles of Plant Breeding. Publication of University of Gilan, 275 p. (in Persian).
25. Izadi-Darbandi, A., Bahmani, K., Ramshini, H. A., & Moradia, N. (2013). Heritability estimates of agronomic traits and essential oil content in Iranian fennels. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 15(6), 1275-1283.
26. Khammassi, M., & Loupassaki, S. (2018). Variation in essential oil composition and biological activities of Foeniculum vulgare populations growing widely in Tunisia. Wiley Online Libr, 42. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfbc.12532
27. Khorshidi, J., Fazel Mirahmadi, S., & Fakhr Tabatabaei, M. (2010). Oil content and yield of Foeniculum vulgare cv. Soroksary seeds as affected by different plant cultivation densities. Journal of American Science, 6, 1098-1100.
28. Kumar, R., Meena, R. S., Verma, A. K., Ameta, H., & Panwar, A. (2017). Analysis of genetic variability and correlation in fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) germplasm. Agricultural Research and Technology, 3(4), 125-129. https://doi.org/10.19080/ARTOAJ.2017.03.555616
29. Longin, C. F. H., Muhleisen, J., Maurer, H. P., Zhang, H., Gowda, M., & Reif J. C. (2012). Hybrid breeding in autogamous cereals. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 125(6), 1087-1096. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-012-1967-7
30. Lozano, G. A. (1998). Parasitic stress and selfmedication in wild animals. p. 291–317. In A. L. Page et al. (ed.) Advances in the Study of Behavior. Part 27. 1st. London.
31. Maghsudi Kelardashti, H., Rahimmalek, M., Sabzalian, M. R., & Talebi, M. (2014). An assessment of morphological genetic variations and heritability of Iranian fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) accessions. Taxonomy and Biosystematics, 6(18), 77-86.
32. Meena, R., Kakani, R., Anwer, M., & Panwar, A. (2010). Variability of some morphological characters in fennel (Foeniculum vulgare). Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 80(8), 710-712.
33. Munaro, E. M., Eyhe´rabide, G. H., D’Andrea, K. E., Cirilo, A. G., & Otegui, M. E. (2011). Heterosis and environment interaction in maize: what drives heterosis for grain yield? Field Crops Research, 124(3), 441-449.
34. Nemat zadeh, G., & Kiani, G. (2005). Plant Breeding. Publication of University of Mazandaran.1, 456p. (in Persian).
35. Nobahar, A., Mostafavi Rad, M., & Ghazi Pirkouhi, M. (2014). Effect of planting pattern and plant density on quantitative and qualitative yield in two basil (Ocimum basilicum ) medicinal plants. Journal of Crop Production, 7(1), 63-77. (in Persian).
36. Patel, D. G., Patel, P. S., & Patel, I. D. (2008). Studies on variability of some morphological characters in fennel (Foeniculum vulgare). Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops, 17, 29-32.
37. Petkova, D., & Mirchev, M. (1994). Use of polycross method in developing cv.Prista 3 alfalfa. Genetics and Breeding, 27, 118-122.
38. Rahmati, M., Azizi, M., Ebadi, M. T., & Hasanzadeh Khayyat, M. (2010). Study on the effects of different drying methods on weight loss rate, essential oil and chamazolene contents of chamomile (Matricaria recutita Germania (diploid)) flowers. Journal of Horticulture Science, 24(1), 29-37. (in Persian).
39. Rajaram, S. (2000). International wheat breeding: past and present achievements and future directions. Special Report of CIMMYT, Mexico, DF. Mexico
40. Roopesh Yogi, R. S., Meena, R. K., Kakani, A. P., & Solanki, R. K. (2013). Variability of some morphological characters in fennel (Foeniculum vulgare ). International Journal of Seed Spices, 3(1), 41-43
41. Safaei, L., Afiuni, D., & Zeinali, H. (2013). Correlation relationships and path coefficient analysis between essential oil and essential oil components in 12 genotypes of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare ). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 59, 187-200.
42. Safaei, L., Zainali, H., & Afioni, D. (2011). Study of genetic variability of fennel genotypes using agronomic traits. Iranian Journal of Rangelands and Forest plant Breeding and Genetic Research, 19(1), 167-180. (in Persian).
43. Seet, J., Pandey, V. P., Singh, D., & Pattnaik, M. (2020). Genetic variability studies in fennel (Foeniculum vulgare). The Pharma Innovation Journal, 9(4), 160-164.
44. Sheidai, M., Kalhor Home, N., & Poorneydanei, A. (2007). Cytogenetic study of some populations of Foeniculum vulgare (Umbelliferae) in Iran. Caryologia, 60, 257-261. https://doi.org/10.1080/00087114.2007.10797945
45. Singh, G., Maurya, S., Lampasona, M. P., & Catalan, C. (2006). Chemical constituents, antifungal and antioxidative potential of Foeniculum vulgare volatile oil and its acetone extract. Food Control, 17, 745-752. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2005.03.010
46. Veigas, M. (2007). Aromas e sabores de Cuba. E´ vora: Caˆmara Municipal de Cuba. Wijendran, V., & Hayes, K. C. (2004). Dietary n-6 and n-3 fatty acid balance and cardiovascular health. Annual Review of Nutrition, 24, 597-615.
47. Yadav, P. S., Pandey, V. P., & Yadav, Y. P. (2013). Variability studies in fennel (Foeniculum vulgare). Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops, 22(2), 203-208.
48. Zhang, J., Wu, M., Yu, J., Li, X., & Pei, W. (2016). Breeding Potential of Introgression Lines Developed from Interspecific Crossing between Upland Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) and Gossypium barbadense: Heterosis, Combining Ability and Genetic effects. PLoS ONE, 11(1),1-17. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0143646