ارزیابی و پایش پایداری اکولوژیکی بوم‌نظام‌های زراعی تولید روغن در سیستان با استفاده از تکنیک‌های تحلیل امرژی و اقتصادی

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 10، دوره 16، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 59، فروردین 1403، صفحه 159-179   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/agry.2022.79219.1126

نویسندگان

نرگس پردل؛ محمدرضا اصغری پور^* ؛ اسماعیل سیدآبادی

گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران.

چکیده

به‌منظور ارزیابی سلامت اکولوژیکی و بهره‌وری استفاده از نهاده‌ها در تولید گیاهان روغنی سیستان تولید سه محصول روغنی با اهمیت منطقه شامل کلزا (Brassica napus L.)، گلرنگ (Carthamus tinctorius L.) و کنجد (Sesamum indicum L.) با استفاده از تکنیک‌های تحلیل امرژی و اقتصادی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. اطلاعات این پژوهش توسط پرسش‎نامه و مصاحبه چهره به چهره با مالکین نظام‌های خرده مالکی برای تعیین میزان مصرف نهاده‌ها و میزان عملکرد آن‌ها گرد‎آوری شد. امرژی کل حمایت‌کننده نظام‌های تولید کلزا، گلرنگ و کنجد سیستان به‌ترتیب 10¹⁶×28/7، 10¹⁶ ×75/4 و 10¹⁶×55/3 ام‌ژول خورشیدی در هکتار در سال به‌دست آمد. بالاترین سهم از ورودی امرژی کل در هر سه نظام مورد مطالعه به ورودی‌های تجدیدناپذیر محیطی مربوط بود که سهم آن برای نظام‌های تولید کلزا 42/83 درصد، گلرنگ 11/80 درصد و کنجد 41/84 درصد به‌دست آمد. مقادیر شاخص‌های امرژی، پایداری زیست‌محیطی (ESI و ESI*)، درصد تجدیدپذیری (%R)، بار زیست‌محیطی (ELR وELR* ) و نسبت سرمایه‌گذاری اصلاح شده (EIR*) در نظام گلرنگ حاکی از پایداری بیش‌تر این نظام می‌باشد. دلیل اصلی سلامت کم‌تر نظام‌های کلزا و کنجد براساس شاخص‌های امرژی، سهم زیاد امرژی ورودی مربوط به تلفات ماده‌آلی و فرسایش خاک که در دسته منابع تجدیدناپذیر محیطی قرار دارند، بود. تحلیل اقتصادی نشان‌دهنده نسبت سود به هزینه و سود خالص بالاتر نظام تولید کنجد نسبت به دو نظام گلرنگ و کلزا بود. نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که توجه به راهکارهای عملی در مدیریت جامع بوم‌نظام تولیدی به‌ویژه حفاظت از مواد آلی خاک و جلوگیری از فرسایش، می‌تواند در سلامت اکولوژیکی آن‌ها تأثیر چشم‌گیری داشته باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

بار محیط زیستی؛ تحلیل اقتصادی؛ تحلیل سودآوری؛ کلزا؛ منابع تجدیدپذیر؛ ورودی های محیط زیستی

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