ارزیابی اثر جهت‌های کاشت بر مصرف منابع و عناصر غذایی خاک در کشت مخلوط آفتابگردان (Helianthus annuus L.) و لوبیا چشم بلبلی (Vigna unguiculata L.)

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 5، دوره 16، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 59، فروردین 1403، صفحه 81-95   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/agry.2022.77648.1117

نویسندگان

الهام وزیری؛ مهدی دهمرده^* ؛ عیسی خمری

گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران.

چکیده

به منظور بررسی اثر جهت‌های کاشت بر مصرف منابع و عناصر غذایی خاک در کشت مخلوط آفتابگردان(Helianthus annuus L.)  و لوبیا چشم بلبلی(Vigna unguiculata L.) آزمایشی به‌صورت کرت‌های خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی پژوهشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه زابل اجرا گردید. عامل اصلی جهت کاشت در دو سطح (شمالی- جنوبی و شرقی- غربی) و سیستم کشت مخلوط به‌عنوان عامل فرعی در پنج سطح شامل: (100 درصد آفتابگردان خالص)، (100 درصد لوبیا خالص)، (50 درصد آفتابگردان به‌علاوه 50 درصد لوبیا)، (25 درصد لوبیا به‌علاوه 75 درصد آفتابگردان) و (75 درصد لوبیا به‌علاوه 25 درصد آفتابگردان) در نظر گرفته شد. صفات مورد بررسی در این پژوهش شامل تشعشع، دما، رطوبت حجمی، کلسیم، فسفر، منیزیم، پتاسیم و نسبت برابری زمین مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد که کاشت گیاهان در جهت خلاف جهت باد (شرقی- غربی) بیشترین میزان جذب تشعشع فعال فتوسنتزی (90/77 درصد) و بیشترین رطوبت حجمی خاک (39/63 درصد) و کمترین دمای خاک (78/26 سانتی­گراد) را داشت. بالاترین مقدار نسبت برابری زمین (54/2) از کشت مخلوط (25 درصد لوبیا به‌علاوه 75 درصد آفتابگردان) به‌دست آمد. نتایج تغییرات عناصر غذایی نشان داد که بیشترین مقدار پتاسیم خاک (70/24 میلی گرم بر کیلوگرم) در جهت کاشت شرقی- غربی و در کشت مخلوط 50 درصد آفتابگردان به‌علاوه 50 درصد لوبیا چشم بلبلی وجود داشت. با توجه به نتایج به‌دست آمده می‌توان بیان کرد که در شرایط ویژه اقلیمی کنونی منطقه و مناطق مشابه با کشت گیاهان در جهت خلاف جهت باد و استفاده از نسبت کاشت 75 درصد آفتابگردان به‌علاوه 25 درصد لوبیا چشم بلبلی میزان عملکرد بیشتری نیز حاصل می­گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

تشعشع فعال فتوسنتزی؛ دمای خاک؛ رطوبت خاک؛ نسبت برابری زمین

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