New study in the functional government in positivist political geography in the capital performance framework

پژوهش ‎های جغرافیای سیاسی

Article 1, Volume 8, Issue 4 - Serial Number 32, March 2024, Pages 1-18   

Document Type: مقالات علمی -پژوهشی

DOI: 10.22067/pg.2023.27301.0

Author

ehsan lashgari^*

Associate Professor of Political Geography, Department of Geography, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran

Abstract

In geographic sciences, one of the most important schools of methodology is the school of positivism. Political geographers affected by the positivism school believed that the interactions between politics and space will lead particular spatial form and processes which can be studied only within the framework of this school. One of the consequences of applying positivism is to create the potential for classifying and enclosing space and constructing a geographic scale based on the performance of government / country. This research has been struggled to introduce a new category of how to understand the relationship between politics and geographic space in the positivism methodology within framework of scale.This research has fundamental approaches in the philosophy of geography and for compilation of information has been referred to valid document and bibliography.  Findings research reveals that the elements of geographical space have a systematic and systematic nature in the positivist but two national and sub-national scale have different content with transnational scale. In other words, in the context of positivism, the study of the political dimension of the geographical space is different in two national and transnational political scales. In a national scale, recognizing the relationship between politics and space within the borders of a country includes national and sub-national scales. But in the transnational scale, relationship between sovereignty and space is the result of a kind of territorialism that exists between countries and builds geopolitical concepts and ideas. Moreover, since politic, both national and sub-national and transnational, contain elements and components that have little quantitative capability, consequently, researchers should be paid more attention to positivism. Therefore, applied geopolitical studies have been more widely considered in the positivism methodology. Because the explanation in the methodological dimension takes on operational dimensions when propositions are referred to the objective world.

Keywords

"Government"; "Positivism"; "Function"; "Geographical Space"; "Capitalism"

References

1. Akhavan Kazemi, Bahram (2004), Government and the phenomenon of power from the perspective of realism, Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, Vol 1, No.1, Pp 111-124. [in Persian]
2. Abdekhodaei, Mojtaba(2016), Methods of exploring the modern state, Journal of Humanities Methodology, Vol 22, No.87, Pp57-85. [in Persian]
3. Alijani, Behlol(2015), Spatial analysis, Spatial analysis of environmental hazards,Vol 2, No.3, Pp 1- 20. [in Persian]
4. Badie, Bertrand & Birnbaum, Pierre (2008), Sociologie De L'etat, Translated by Ahmad Naghebzdeh, Tehran: Ghomes publisher. [in Persian]
5. Chandhoke, Neera(1998), State and civil society: exploration in Political theory, Translated by Fereydoun Fatemi & Vahid Bozogi, Tehran: Markaz Publisher. [in Persian]
6. Dougherty, James E & Pfaltzgraff, Robert L(2017), ‎Contending theories of international relations: a comprehensive survey, Translated by Vahid Bozorgei & Alireza Teyeb, Tehran: Ghomes publisher. [in Persian]
7. Foucault, Michel (2010), Theater of Philosophy, Translated by Neiko Sarkhosh & Afshin Jahan Deedeh, Tehran: Nye publisher. [in Persian]
8. Gharakhani, Masoumeh (2019), Revival of political science or fulfillment of social policy, Public Policy Quarterly, Vol5, No.2, Pp283-298. [in Persian]
9. Griffiths, Martin (2012), International relations theory for the twenty-first century: an introduction, Translated by Alireza Teyeb, Tehran: Nye Publisher. [in Persian]
10. Hafeznia, Mohammadreza & Kaveyanirad, Morad(2014), Philosophy of political geography, Tehran: Research Institute for Strategic Studies Press. [in Persian]
11. Hafeznia, Mohmmadreza(2006), Principals and concept of Geopolitics, Mashhad: Papoli publisher. [in Persian]
12. Hughes, Henry Stuart (1990), Consciousness and society: the reorientation of European social thought, Tehran: Islamic revolution press. [in Persian]
13. Jones, Martin & Jones, Rhys & Woods, Michael (2007), An introduction to political geography: space, place and politics, Translated Zahra Peshgaheifard & Rasoul Akbari, Tehran: Tehran University press. [in Persian]
14. Keshavarz, Abbas (2015), The crisis of capitalist welfare state; Analysis of Klaus Ofe's Perspective, Journal of Government Studies, Vol 1, No.1, Pp133- 160. [in Persian]
15. Lashgari Tafreshi, Ehsan (2016), Political power and geographic space, philosophical thinking about relationship between politics and space, Tehran: Geopolitical association of Iran. [in Persian].
16. Lashgari, Ehsan (2012), Strategic places and regions of the world, Tehran: Entekhab publisher. [in Persian]
17. Lefebvre, Henri (2017), An introduction to the production of Henri Lefebvre space, Translated Aydein Trakomeh, Tehran: Teissa. [in Persian]
18. Mohammadi, Hussein (2014), Introduction to the method of scientific research in geography, Tehran: Tehran University press. [in Persian]
19. Murray, Warwick (2009), Geographies of globalization, Translated by Jafar Javan and Abdullah Abdullahi, Tehran: Chapar publisher [ in Persian].    
20. Mojtahedzadeh, P., & Rabei, H. (2009). The study of patterns of conflict resolution and the provision to solve territorial disputes, Geopolitics quarterly, 5(1), 1-28. [in Persian]
21. Morgenthau, Hans J(1995), Politics among nations: the struggle for power and peace, 7th. ed, Translated by Homera Mosherzadeh, Tehran: Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Printing and Publishing. [in Persian]
22. Mirhydar, D & Mirahmady, F (2017), evolution of thought in traditional and modern political geography, Tehran: Tehran University press. [in Persian]
23. Naghebzadeh, Ahmad (2011), Political Sociology, Tehran: Samt Publisher. [in Persian]
24. Pourahmad, Ahmad (2006), The realm and philosophy of geography, second edition, Tehran: Tehran University press. [in Persian]
25. Pourahmady, Hossien & Bahrami, Aref(2016), Autonomy and relations of political economy of global capitalism, Case Study: Iran, Journal of Political and International Approached, Vol 7, No 45, Pp1-21. [in Persian]
26. Soroush, Abdoulkarim(1996), What is science? What is Philosophy? Tehran: Serat publisher. [in Persian]
27. Vasegh, Mahmoud (2005), Philosophy of geographical place, Philosophical thought journal, Vol2, No.4. winter 2005. [ in Persian].
28. Wallerstein, Immanuel (2001), Historical capitalism, Translated by Yousef Naraghei, Tehran: Nye publisher. [in Persian]
29. Bassin, Mark) 1987 (, Imperialism and the nation state in fredich Ratzel’s political geography, Progress in Human Geography, Vol 11, No.4, Pp 473-195.
30. Baldwin, Bald ) 1995 (, security studies and the end of the cold war, world politics, Vol 48 , no1. Pp117- 141.
31. Cox, K. R (2005), Political Geography; Critical Concept in the Social Sciences, Routledge: London and New York.
32. Ertman, Tomas)2005 (, State formation and state building in Europe, Ed, Thomas Janoski, the Hand book of political Sociology, Cambridge: Cambridge uni press.
33. Johnston, R(2009), Spatial science; International Encyclopedia of Human geography, Vol 10, Pp 383-394.
34. Larsen, H, G (2011), The need and ability for expansion; conceptions of living space in the small- state geopolitics of Gudmund Hatt, Journal of Political Geography, 30(4), 4- 38.
35. Morris, Christopher (1998), An Essay on the modern state, Cambridge: Cambridge uni press.
36. Storey, D) 2009), Political Geography, International Encyclopedia of Human geography, Elsevier, Oxford.

Stubbs, Richard & Underhill, Geoffrey (2005 (, Political economy and the xhanging global order, Newyork: Macmillan.