تأثیر مصرف تلفیقی ورمی‌کمپوست و کود مرغی در شرایط مختلف کم‌آبیاری بر رشد و عملکرد گیاه خیار

آب و خاک

مقاله 5، دوره 37، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 88، خرداد و تیر 1402، صفحه 237-259   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jsw.2023.79296.1215

نویسندگان

مجید بهدارنژاد؛ حلیمه پیری^* ؛ معصومه دلبری

دانشگاه زابل

چکیده

در این تحقیق به بررسی سطوح مختلف آب آبیاری، ورمی­کمپوست و کود مرغی بر خیار پرداخته شد. آزمایش به­صورت کرت­های خرد شده در قالب طرح کامل تصادفی انجام گرفت. تیمارها شامل 3 سطح کود مرغی (2، 4 و 8 تن در هکتار)، 3 سطح ورمی­کمپوست (3، 6 و 9 تن در هکتار) و 3 سطح عمق آبیاری (100، 75 و 50 درصد نیاز آبی گیاه) بود. ورمی­کمپوست و کود مرغی هر دو قبل از کاشت به خاک داده شد. برداشت محصول هر 3 روز یک­بار انجام شد. وزن، قطر و طول میوه، طول بوته، درصد پروتئین و کلروفیل برگ در هر کرت به­دقت اندازه­گیری شد. همچنین عملکرد و بهره­وری مصرف آب آبیاری در پایان فصل محاسبه شدند. نتایج نشان داد که تیمار آبیاری، کود مرغی و ورمی­کمپوست بر پارامترهای اندازه­گیری شده در سطح احتمال 1 و 5 درصد تأثیر معنی­داری داشت. کاهش مصرف آب باعث کاهش عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد گردید اما از این نظر بین تیمار 100 و 75 درصد نیاز آبی گیاه تفاوت معنی­دار مشاهده نشد. بیشترین مقدار عملکرد در تیمار 100 درصد نیاز آبی گیاه و مصرف 4 تن در هکتار کود مرغی و 6 تن در هکتار ورمی­کمپوست به ­دست آمد که از این نظر با تیمار 75 درصد نیاز آبی تفاوت معنی­دار مشاهده نشد. بررسی اثرات میزان آب آبیاری بر مقدار پروتئین ماده خشک میوه نشان داد بیشترین مقدار پروتئین ماده خشک میوه (31/56 درصد) در تیمار 75 درصد نیاز آبی به دست­آمد و پروتئین ماده خشک در سایر تیمارها کمتر بود. در بررسی اثر متقابل ورمی­کمپوست و کود مرغی بیشترین درصد پروتئین ماده خشک خیار در تیمار 4 تن در هکتار کود مرغی و 6 تن در هکتار ورمی­کمپوست (42/58 درصد) حاصل شد. استفاده هم­زمان 8 تن در هکتار کود مرغی و مصرف سطوح مختلف ورمی­کمپوست درصد پروتئین ماده خشک را کاهش داد. اثر عمق آب آبیاری، کود مرغی و ورمی­کمپوست و اثرات متقابل آن­ها در سطح احتمال 1 و 5 درصد بر مقادیر کلروفیل a و b تأثیرگذار بود. با کاهش عمق آب آبیاری مقادیر کلروفیل a و b کاهش یافت. بیشترین مقدار کلروفیل a (63/0 میلی­گرم بر گرم وزن تر) و کلروفیل b (36/0 میلی­گرم بر گرم وزن تر) از تیمار 100 درصد نیاز آبی گیاه به­دست آمد اما از این نظر با تیمار 75 درصد نیاز آبی تفاوت معنی­دار نداشت. اثر متقابل ورمی­کمپوست و کود مرغی نشان داد استفاده 4 تن در هکتار کود مرغی و 6 تن در هکتار ورمی­کمپوست بیشترین تأثیر را بر مقادیر کلروفیل داشت. با توجه به نتایج به­دست آمده می­توان مقدار آب داده شده به گیاه را به  مقدار 75 درصد نیاز‌آبی‌گیاه کاهش داد و با مدیریت مناسب می­توان بدون کاهش معنی­دار عملکرد محصول، مقدار آب کمتری مصرف نمود. اثرات متقابل ورمی­کمپوست و کود مرغی نشان داد در استفاده 6 تن در هکتار ورمی­کمپوست برای جلوگیری از کاهش عملکرد و اجزای آن بایستی مصرف کود مرغی تا 4 تن در هکتار کاهش یابد؛ اما زمانی­که سطوح بیشتر ورمی­کمپوست (9 تن در هکتار) استفاده شود، مصرف کود مرغی باید تا 2 تن در هکتار کاهش یابد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

بهره‌وری مصرف آب؛ پروتئین ماده خشک؛ عملکرد؛ کلروفیل؛ مدیریت کود دهی

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