بررسی ردپای انتخاب و هستی‌شناسی ژن در برخی نژاد‌های گوسفند اهلی و وحشی ایران

پژوهشهای علوم دامی ایران

مقاله 8، دوره 15، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 56، دی 1402، صفحه 570-584   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/ijasr.2023.79931.1112

نویسندگان

مجید بی غم¹؛ محمدرضا نصیری^{* 1}؛ مهیار حیدرپور²؛ علی جوادمنش¹

¹گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران.

²دانشگاه علوم پزشکی هاروارد، دپارتمان پزشکی ، شهر بوستون، ایالت ماساچوست، آمریکا

چکیده

در طی سالیان طولانی، حیوانات در ﻣﻌﺮض ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ، راﻧﺶ ژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ و ﺟﻬﺶ­های متعدد ﻗﺮار گرفته­اند، بنابراین چنین ﻋﻮاﻣلی ﺳﺒﺐ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات در ﺑﯿﻦ و داﺧﻞ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ­ها شده است. از سویی دیگر امروزه ﻧﯿﺎز ﺑﻪ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ سبب کاهش تنوع ژنتیکی گونه­ها بوده که ﻧﮕﺮاﻧﯽ­ﻫﺎی ﺷﺪﯾﺪی را ﺑﺮای ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪی ﺣﯿﻮاﻧﺎت در ﺳﺮاﺳﺮ ﺟﻬﺎن ﺑﻪ‌وﺟﻮد آورده اﺳﺖ. هدف از انجام این تحقیق، شناسایی مناطق ژنومی تحت انتخاب در گوسفندان اهلی در مقایسه با گوسفندان وحشی ایران و بررسی هستی‌شناسی ژن­های کاندید مرتبط با صفات اقتصادی می­باشد. در این تحقیق، داده­های دو گروه گوسفند اهلی (106 راس) و وحشی (8 راس) بومی ایران بعد از ویرایش و کنترل کیفیت با نرم‌افزارهای R و Plink مورد آنالیز قرار گرفتند و نتایج حاصل با استفاده از سرورهای آنلاین DAVID، GeneCards و UniProtKB تفسیر شدند. نتایج نهایی نشان دادند، 95 منطقه ژنومی روی 23 کروموزوم در گوسفند وحشی و اهلی با هم اختلاف داشتند و بیشترین اختلاف روی کروموزوم­های 13 و 7 بوده که به‌ ترتیب با ژن­های 14 و 9 مرتبط می­باشند. بررسی مناطق ژنومی دارای اختلاف در دو نژاد نشان دادند که این مناطق با صفات کیفیت و کمیت گوشت، شیر، چربی، استخوان (با فراوانی بالاتر در گونه اهلی) و سیستم ایمنی و مقاومت به انگل (با فراوانی بالاتر در گونه اهلی) مرتبط می­باشند. برخی از ژن­های مهم شناسایی شده، شامل GABRB1، GRM3، HERC1، HERC3 و KCND2 بودند. در بررسی هستی‌شناسی ژن­ها، مسیرهای زیستی شناسایی شده مربوط به کانال­های عبور یون‌ها از غشای سلولی، فرآیندهای تحریک عصبی عضلات، رشد مغز و مخچه، انتقال غشایی یون‌های غیر آلی بود. مشخص نمودن صفات مهم اقتصادی و مکان­یابی بخش‌هایی از ژنوم که در اثر انتخاب تغییر پیدا کرده­اند، می­تواند در برنامه­های اصلاح نژادی گوسفند در کشور مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

صفات اقتصادی؛ گوسفند اهلی؛ گوسفند وحشی؛ نشانه انتخاب؛ هستی‌شناسی

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