The Concept of Intuition in Schleiermacher’ On Religion and its Comparison to Intuition in Kant

جستارهایی در فلسفه و کلام

Volume 54, Issue 2 - Serial Number 109, February 2023, Pages 167-183   

Document Type: Original Article

DOI: 10.22067/epk.2023.79130.1179

Authors

Babak Broomandfar¹; Shahram Pazouki²; Seyed Masoud Zamani^{* 3}; Fatemeh Lajevardi⁴

¹Phd Student of Comparative Religious Studies in Department of Law, Theology and Political science, Sience and Research Branch Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

²Professor of Iranian Institute of Philosophy (IRIP)

³Assistant Professor of Iranian Institute of Philosophy (IRIP)

⁴Comparative Religious Studies, Faculty of Law, Theology and Political science, Sience and Research Branch Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

In modern philosophy, Kant had the greatest influence on Schleiermacher. Schleiermacher uses the term intuition many times in On Religion and his other works, but is he referring to the concept of intuition the same as Kant had in mind in his transcendental philosophy? In this article, after presenting a brief historical overview of the concept of intuition up to the modern era, it is examined in Schleiermacher’s thought according to On Religion. Schleiermacher’s concept of intuition and the question of whether intuition is conceptual or non-conceptual in On Religion is part of the research question. The concept of intuition is comparatively studied according to Schleiermacher and Kant. Richard Crouter, the translator of On Religion and one of the experts in Schleiermacher’s thought, considers Schleiermacher’s concept of intuition to be the most similar and compatible to that of Kant. However, the current research shows that despite Schleiermacher’s influence from Kant, his concept of intuition is rooted in Platonic thought, for Schleiermacher’s concept of intuition, though enjoying similarities to Kant’s sensory intuition, does not consider intuition in relation to sense. He did not even explain intuition in the same way as Kant’s rational intuition; rather, he uses it correlationally with the feeling to explain the essence of religion. According to him, intuition is connected with the essence of religion and feeling and, in a way, leads a person to uncovering.

Keywords

intuition; Schleiermacher; Kant; On Religion; uncovering; Plato

References

اتکینسون، آر.اف، فلسفه اخلاق، ترجمه­ سهراب علوی نیا، مرکز ترجمه ونشر کتاب، تهران،  ۱۳۶۹.

حایری یزدی، مهدی، سفر نفس: تقریرات استاد دکتر مهدی حایری یزدی، به کوشش عبدالله نصری، انتشارات نقش جهان، تهران، 1380.

شفیع­بیک، ایمان، «معرفت شهودی در فلسفه افلاطون»، جاویدان خرد، شماره­ 24، پاییز و زمستان 1392، صص 81-104.

فتح طاهری، علی، «ماهیت شهود و ویژگی های آن در معرفت شناسی کانت»، نشریه ذهن، شماره 72، زمستان 1396، صص 147-176.

کاپلستون، فردریک، تاریخ فلسفه از فیشته تا نیچه، ترجمه­ داریوش آشوری، جلد هفتم، انتشارات علمی و فرهنگی، تهران، 1395.

کانت، ایمانوئل، تمهیدات، ترجمه حداد عادل، مرکز نشر‌ دانشگاهی، تهران، 1367.

اصغری، محمد و محجل، ندا، «فهم دینی کرکگور از«سوبژکتیویته»، پژوهشنامه­ فلسفه دین (نامه حکمت)، شماره اول (پیاپی 27)، بهار و تابستان 1395، صص 1-21.

ورنو، روژه و وال، ژان، نگاهی به پدیدارشناسی و فلسفه­­های هست بودن، برگرفته و ترجمه­ یحیی مهدوی، تهران، 1387.

Adams, Robert M., "Faith and religious knowledge", Jacqueline Marina (ed.) Cambridge Companion to Friedrich Schleiermacher, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2005.

Brandt, Richard B., The Philosophy of Schleiermacher: The Development of his Theory of Scientific and Religious Knowledge, Greenwood Press, Westport CT, 1968.

Carlisle, Clare, Kierkegaard: A Guide for the Perplexed, A&C Black, 2006.

Dupré, Louis, 'Toward a revaluation of Schleiermacher’s "philosophy of religion" ', The Journal of Religion, vol 44, 1964.

Evans, C. Stephen, Kierkegaard on Faith and the Self: Collected Essays, Baylor University Press, 2006.

Ewing, A.C., A Short Commentary on Kant’s “Critique of Pure Reason”, University of Chicago, 1938.

Grove, Peter, ‘Symbolism in Schleiermacher’s theory of religion’, in B. W. Sockness & W. Gräb (eds) Schleiermacher, the Study of Religion, and the Future of Theology, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin & New York 2010.

Grove, Peter, Deutungen des Subjekts: Schleiermachers Philosophie der Religion , Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, 2004.

Kant, Immanuel, Correspondence, Trans. and Ed. By Arnulif Zweig, New York, Cambridge University Press, 1999.

Kant, Immanuel, Critique of Pure Reason, translated by Norman Kemp Smith, Palgrave Macmillan, UK, 2007.

Kant, Immanuel, Lectures on Logic; Trans. and Ed. by J. Michael Young, New York, Cambridge University Press, 1992.

Kaygill, Howard, A Kant Dictionary, Wiley-Blackwell; 1st edition, 1995.

Liddell, H. G. and Scott, R., A Greek-English Lexicon, revised and augmented by H. Stuart Jones, with the assistance of R. McKenzie and with the‌ co‌-operation‌ of many scholars, Oxford University‌ Press‌, Oxford, 1996

M.Cooper, John(ed.), Plato Complete Works, Phaedrus (Phdr‌.) 250d2, Hackett Publishing Company, Cambridge, 1997.

Marcoulesco, Ileana,“Intuition”,­ Encyclopedia of Religion, Lindsay Jones (ed.), Macmillan Reference USA, An imprint of Thomson Gale, a part of Thomson Corporation,  2005.

Rorty, Richard, “Intuition”, Encyclopedia of Philosophy, M. Borchert, Donald (ed.), vol 4, Second Edition, Macmillan Reference USA an imprint of Thomson Gale, 2005.

Schleiermacher, Friedrich, On Religion: Speeches to Its Cultured Despisers, trans & ed., introduction by Richard Crouter, Cambridge University Press, Second Edition 1996, Fourteenth printing 2010.

Smit, Houston; “Kant on Marks and the Immediacy of Intuition”, The Philosophical Review; Vol.109, No.2 , 2000.

Stewart, Jon Bartley , Kierkegaard and Existentialism, Ashgate Publishing, 2011.

Ten Kate, Laurens, ‘Intuition of the other: an analysis of Anschauung in Schleiermacher’s On Religion – with references to Kant’ [Part of a ‘triptych’: E. Borgman, L. Ten Kate, & B. Philipsen, ‘A triptych on Schleiermacher’s On Religion’], Literature & Theology, vol 22, 2007, pp. 396-397.

Https://www.etymonline.com/word/intuition (19 July 2020, (19:20 Tehran).