تأثیر کاربرد نیتروهیومیک اسید بر برخی ویژگی‎های مورفولوژیک و فیزیولوژیک گیاه دارویی مرزه (Satureja hortensis L.)

آب و خاک

مقاله 10، دوره 37، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 88، خرداد و تیر 1402، صفحه 333-352   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jsw.2023.80642.1244

نویسندگان

منصور میرزایی ورویی^* ؛ شاهین اوستان؛ عادل ریحانی تبار؛ نصرت اله نجفی

گروه علوم ومهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

چکیده

مصرف کودهای شیمیایی نیتروژن­دار مشکلات عدیده‎ای همچون آلودگی آب‎های زیرزمینی، غنی شدن آب‎های سطحی و کاهش کیفیت گیاهان دارویی را به همراه دارد. در پژوهش حاضر، تأثیر هیومیک اسید نیتروژن‎دار شده یا نیتروهیومیک اسید (‏NHA‏) بر رشد و ترکیب عنصری گیاه مرزه و نیز هدررفت نیتروژن ‏بررسی شد. برای این منظور، ‏NHA‏ از واکنش نیتریک اسید با هیومیک اسید (‏HA‏) استخراج‎شده از لئوناردیت شرکت ‏گلسنگ کویر یزد تهیه شد و ویژگی‌های آن با استفاده از روش طیف‎سنجی مادون قرمز (FT-IR) و درصد نیتروژن آن به روش آنالیز ‏CHNS‏ تعیین گردید. سپس، یک آزمایش گلخانه‎ای با کشت گیاه مرزه در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با 16 تیمار شامل شاهد (بدون مصرف اوره، ‏HA‏ و ‏NHA‏)، ‏اوره (‏U₁‎، ‏U₂‎‏ و ‏U₃‎‏)، هیومیک اسید (‏HA₁‎، ‏HA₂‎‏ و ‏HA₃‎‏)، اوره-هیومیک اسید (‏U₁HA₁‎، ‏U₂HA₂‎‏ و ‏U₃HA₃‎‏)، نیتروهیومیک ‏اسید (‏NHA₁‎، ‏NHA₂‎‏ وNHA₃‎‏) و اوره-نیتروهیومیک اسید (‏U₁NHA₁‎، ‏U₂NHA₂‎‏ و ‏U₃NHA₃‎‏) در 3 تکرار انجام شد. سطوح تیمارها به میزان ‏‎ mg N kg^-1‎‏40 برای سطح اول،‏‎ mg N kg^-1‎‏ 80 برای سطح دوم و ‏‎ mg N kg^-1‎‏120 برای سطح سوم تعیین ‏شد و در تیمارهای مخلوط، سهم برابری از نیتروژن برای اوره و ‏HA‏ و یا اوره و ‏NHA‏ در نظر گرفته شد. نتایج نشان داد که NHA نسبت به HA از اسیدیتی کل و نیز محتوای نیتروژن بیش‌تری برخوردار بود. به‌علاوه، اغلب صفات مورفولوژیک و فیزیولوژیک گیاه مرزه شامل سطح برگ، ارتفاع گیاه، طول ریشه، قطر ساقه، وزن تر و خشک بخش هوایی و ریشه و نیز شاخص کلروفیل، غلظت نیتروژن، فسفر، ‏پتاسیم، نیترات و آنزیم نیترات ردوکتاز در تیمارهای  NHAبه‎طور معناداری بیش‌تر از تیمارهای HA بودند. همچنین، بیش‌ترین وزن خشک بخش‌ هوایی در تیمارهای تلفیقی U₃NHA₃ و U₃HA₃ و تیمار U₃ مشاهده شد. میانگین شدت افزایش غلظت نیترات بخش هوایی با افزایش سطح نیتروژن در تیمارهای اوره 77/1 برابر تیمارهای تلفیقی UNHA بود. نتایج نشان داد که آبشویی نیترات از خاک با کاربرد تیمار ‏U₃NHA₃‎‏ حدود 5/40 ‏درصد نسبت به تیمار U₃ کاهش یافت. یافته‎های این پژوهش نشان داد‎‎ که کود تلفیقی ‏UNHA‏ می‎تواند به‌عنوان یک کود نیتروژن‌دار در افزایش عملکرد و شاخص‎های رشد گیاه دارویی مرزه مطرح گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

آبشویی نیترات؛ آنزیم نیترات ردوکتاز؛ اوره؛ تیمار تلفیقی؛ لئوناردیت

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