ارزیابی و انتخاب ژنوتیپ‌های برتر عدس (Lens culinaris Medik) دیم در مناطق سرد کشور با الگوی خطوط مرزی صفات زراعی

پژوهش‌های حبوبات ایران

دوره 13، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 26، دی 1401، صفحه 20-36   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/ijpr.v13i2.2106-1009

نویسندگان

ولی فیضی اصل^{* 1}؛ داود صادق زاده اهری¹؛ علی اکبر محمودی²؛ سیده‌‌سودابه شبیری³

¹مؤسسه تحقیقات کشاورزی دیم کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مراغه، ایران

²مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان خراسان رضوی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مشهد، ایران

³مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان زنجان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، زنجان، ایران

چکیده

شناخت صفات مهم گیاهی و تأثیر آن بر عملکرد دانه از ابزارهای اصلی به‌­نژادگران عدس در انتخاب و معرفی ارقام سازگار با مناطق دیم می­‌باشد. برای تعیین حد و دامنه بهینه صفات زراعی عدس دیم، بانک اطلاعاتی گسترده­ای از ایستگاه‌های تحقیقات کشاورزی دیم مناطق سرد کشور (مراغه، زنجان، اردبیل و شیروان) با 8300 ژنوتیپ به مدت 20سال (1395-1375) جمع­آوری شد. حد و دامنه بهینه صفات زراعی با استفاده از دو روش خطوط مرزی و میانگین‌گیری از جامعه دارای عملکرد بالا تعیین شد. حد بهینه ارتفاع بوته، وزن100دانه، تعداد روز از کاشت تا گلدهی و رسیدگی فیزیولوژیک و طول دوره پُرشدن دانه با خطوط مرزی به‌ترتیب 8/27 سانتی­متر، 4/5 گرم، 4/55 روز، 6/92 روز و 8/33 روز و با روش میانگین‌گیری به‌ترتیب 7/23 سانتی­متر، 9/4 گرم، 0/62 روز، 6/92 روز و 7/30 روز تعیین شد. هر دو روش حد تعداد روز از کاشت تا رسیدگی فیزیولوژیک را یکسان برآورد نمودند. در حالی که در تعیین دامنه بهینه بین دو روش، تفاوت معنی­داری وجود داشت و روش خطوط مرزی دامنه آن را به طور میانگین سه برابر گسترده­تر برآورد نمود. تجزیه به مؤلفه­‌های اصلی، مهم‌ترین صفات برای گزینش ارقام عدس دیم را تعداد روز از کاشت تا گلدهی و رسیدگی فیزیولوژیک تشخیص داد. با توجه به دقّت بالا در برآورد حد و دامنه بهینه صفات و انطباق بیشتر نتایج آن با ارقام معرفی‌شده در این مناطق، استفاده از روش خطوط مرزی برای انتخاب ژنوتیپ‌های برتر توصیه می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

تجزیه به مؤلفه‌های اصلی؛ حد بهینه صفات؛ خطوط مرزی؛ صفات گیاهی

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