بررسی عملکرد ذرت علوفه‌ای Zea maize L.)) تحت تأثیر تراکم‌ بوته باقلا (Vicia faba L.) و مصرف نیتروژن در سیستم بدون خاک‌ورزی

پژوهش‌های حبوبات ایران

دوره 13، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 26، دی 1401، صفحه 104-120   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/ijpr.v13i2.2206-1038

نویسندگان

سمانه قربی¹؛ علی عبادی^{* 2}؛ سعید خماری³؛ مسعود هاشمی⁴

¹دانشجوی دکتری، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران.

²استاد گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

³دانشیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران.

⁴استاد گروه علوم خاک و فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی، دانشگاه ماساچوست، آمریکا.

چکیده

به­‌منظور بررسی تأثیر تراکم بوته باقلا در تناوب و استفاده از کود نیتروژن معدنی بر عملکرد خشک علوفه ذرت علوفه­‌ای، آزمایشی به­صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در دو سال­ زراعی 97-1396 و 98-1397 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی به اجرا درآمد. عامل­‌های مورد مطالعه شامل تراکم بوته باقلا در تناوب (25، 35، 40 و 80 بوته در مترمربع) و سطوح نیتروژن (0، 100، 200 و 300 کیلوگرم در هکتار بر پایه­ کود اوره) در ذرت علوفه‌­ای بودند. همچنین یک سطح نکاشت از باقلا به منظور مقایسه­‌ی اثر تراکم‌­های مختلف این گیاه بر ویژگی­‌های ذرت علوفه‌­ای در نظر گرفته شد. نتایج تجزیه­ مرکب نشان داد که اثر تراکم­ بوته باقلا بر عملکرد دانه، وزن100دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیک، شاخص برداشت و نیز درصد کاهش وزن خشک علف‌هرز در باقلا معنی‌­دار بود، به‌­طوری­‌که بیشترین عملکرد دانه از تراکم 80 بوته باقلا به‌­دست آمد و در تراکم 40 بوته باقلا بیشترین وزن100دانه و شاخص برداشت مشاهده شد. همچنین در این آزمایش، عملکرد خشک علوفه­ ذرت، عملکرد پروتئین، کارآیی زراعی و کارآیی بازیافت نیتروژن تحت تأثیر اثر متقابل تراکم بوته باقلا و کاربرد کود نیتروژن قرار گرفت. بیشترین عملکرد خشک علوفه ذرت علوفه­ای از تیمار تراکم 40 بوته باقلا+200 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار به‌­دست آمد که نسبت به تیمار شاهد افزایش 155 درصدی نشان داد. به­‌طور کلی نتایج نشان داد که قرارگیری باقلا در تناوب با ذرت علوفه‌­ای می­‌تواند از طریق کاهش مصرف کود نیتروژن، باعث افزایش عملکرد خشک علوفه، بهبود کارآیی زراعی و بازیافت نیتروژن نسبت به سیستم تک‌کشتی در ذرت علوفه‌­ای گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

تناوب؛ حبوبات؛ علف‌هرز؛ کارآیی بهره‌وری نیتروژن؛ کارآیی زراعی نیتروژن

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