استفاده از کود نیتروژن و تراکم بوته باقلا در تناوب به عنوان منابع تأمین نیتروژن در تولید پایدار ذرت علوفه‌ای

پژوهش‌های حبوبات ایران

دوره 13، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 26، دی 1401، صفحه 121-138   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/ijpr.v13i2.2202-1025

نویسندگان

سمانه قربی¹؛ علی عبادی^{* 2}؛ سعید خماری³؛ مسعود هاشمی⁴

¹دانشجوی دکتری زراعت گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران.

²استاد گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران.

³دانشیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران.

⁴استاد گروه علوم خاک و فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی، دانشگاه ماساچوست، آمریکا.

چکیده

گنجاندن حبوبات در سیستم‌های زراعی برای مدیریت پایدار سیستم‌های کشاورزی و کاهش نیاز به مصرف کود نیتروژن در تولید ذرت ضروری است. از این‌­رو آزمایشی با هدف بررسی تأثیر تراکم‌­های مختلف باقلا (20، 35، 40 و 80 بوته) در تناوب با ذرت علوفه‌­ای و کاربرد سطوح مختلف نیتروژن بر پایه­ اوره (صفر، 100، 200 و 300 کیلوگرم در هکتار) بر خصوصیات علوفه ذرت مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. همچنین یک سطح نکاشت از باقلا به منظور بررسی اثر تراکم­‌های بوته باقلا بر خصوصیات ذرت علوفه­‌ای در نظر گرفته شد. نتایج تجزیه­ مرکب نشان داد که تراکم­ باقلا بر عملکرد دانه، تعداد و وزن خشک گره­ در ریشه، وزن خشک ریشه، ارتفاع بوته، شاخص کلروفیل و شاخص باروری در باقلا معنی‌­دار بود. بر اساس نتایج مقایسات میانگین تراکم­ 80 بوته باقلا با میانگین 5/376 گرم در مترمربع دارای بیشترین عملکرد دانه بود. بیشترین شاخص کلروفیل نیز در تراکم 80 بوته باقلا با میانگین 8/35 مشاهده شد و تراکم 80 و 40 بوته باقلا به ترتیب با میانگین 8/1676 و 1/1565 دارای بیشترین شاخص باروری بودند. اثر متقابل تراکم­ باقلا و کود نیتروژن بر تعداد برگ در بوته، ارتفاع بوته، شاخص کلروفیل، کارآیی جذب نیتروژن و عملکرد خشک علوفه­ در ذرت علوفه‌­ای معنی­‌دار شد. بر اساس مقایسات میانگین، تراکم 40 بوته باقلا+200 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار دارای بیشترین عملکرد خشک علوفه ذرت­ (3/2 کیلوگرم در مترمربع)­، بیشترین ارتفاع بوته (8/175 سانتی­‌متر) و بیشترین شاخص کلروفیل (2/46) بود. تراکم 35بوته باقلا+300 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار با میانگین 3/16 درصد نیز دارای بیشترین شاخص برداشت پروتئین در ذرت علوفه­‌ای بود. همچنین نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین میزان کارآیی جذب نیتروژن ذرت از تراکم­‌های 25، 35 و 40بوته­ باقلا در شرایط عدم مصرف کود به‌­دست آمد. به‌­طور کلی نتایج نشان داد که قرارگیری باقلا در تناوب به همراه استفاده از کود نیتروژن باعث بهبود عملکرد و صفات کمی در ذرت علوفه‌­ای شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

حبوبات؛ سیستم بدون شخم؛ کارآیی جذب نیتروژن؛ کود شیمیایی

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