اثر پیش‌تیمار بذر با مواد زیستی و شیمیایی و کاربرد علف‌کش بر رشد و عملکرد توده بومی لوبیا (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

پژوهش‌های حبوبات ایران

دوره 13، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 26، دی 1401، صفحه 176-190   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/ijpr.v13i2.2107-1010

نویسندگان

سمیه نجاتی سروندانی¹؛ المیرا محمدوند^{* 2}؛ سید محمد رضا احتشامی³

¹دانشجوی مهندسی کشاورزی، رشته علوم و تکنولوژی بذر، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی دانشگاه گیلان

²گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی دانشکده علوم کشاورزی دانشگاه گیلان

³عضو هیئت علمی گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی دانشگاه گیلان

چکیده

این آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل‌تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه پژوهشی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه گیلان در سال 1394 اجرا گردید. تیمارها عبارت از پیش‌تیمار بذر توده بومی لوبیا در گیلان (با سولفات روی، سالیسیلیک اسید، باکتری سودوموناس، و بدون پیش‌تیمار) و مدیریت علف‌های‌هرز (عاری از (وجین‌دستی) و آلوده به علف‌های‌هرز و سطوح 50، 75 و 100 درصد مقدار توصیه‌شده از علف‌کش تری‌فلورالین و بنتازون) بود. نتایج نشان داد که ارتفاع نهایی بوته با پیش‌‏تیمار سالیسیلیک اسید 11 درصد نسبت به بدون پیش‏تیمار افزایش یافت. پیش‌تیمار بذرها با باکتری سودوموناس، حداکثر شاخص سطح برگ، حداکثر وزن خشک برگ، وزن خشک نهایی بوته، تعداد غلاف در مترمربع و عملکرد بیولوژیک لوبیا را به‏‌ترتیب 30، 69، 50، 31، 50 درصد نسبت به بذرهای بدون پیش‌تیمار افزایش داد. بیشترین مقدار صفات اندازه‌گیری‌شده در شرایط بدون علف‌هرز و کاربرد دز توصیه‌شده‌ علف‌کش مشاهده شد و با کاهش دز علف‌کش، کاهش یافت. آلودگی تمام‌‏فصل علف‏‌های‌هرز، حداکثر شاخص سطح برگ، حداکثر وزن خشک برگ، وزن خشک نهایی بوته، تعداد غلاف، وزن غلاف و عملکرد بیولوژیک را به‌‏ترتیب 40، 58، 58، 72، 70 و 58 درصد نسبت به شرایط عاری از علف‏‌هرز کاهش داد. اثر کاربرد 75 و 100 درصد دز توصیه‌شده دو علف‏کش در اکثر صفات بررسی‌شده فاقد تفاوت معنی‌دار بود؛ اما با توجه به معنی‌دارنبودن اثر متقابل پیش‌تیمار و دز علف‌کش، می‌توان اظهار داشت که بهره‌گیری از روش‌های پیش‌تیمار بذر با وجود اثر مثبت در رشد، توسعه و تولید لوبیا در افزایش قابلیت رقابت لوبیا با علف‌های‌هرز مؤثر نبود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

پیش‏تیمار زیستی؛ سالیسیلیک‌اسید؛ سولفات‌روی؛ مدیریت علف‌های‌هرز

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