تأثیر ضربه قطرات باران بر تولید رواناب و هدررفت خاک از شیارهای شخم تحت شدت‌های مختلف باران

آب و خاک

مقاله 3، دوره 37، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 89، مرداد و شهریور 1402، صفحه 383-396   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jsw.2023.15038.0

نویسندگان

علی رضا واعظی^* ؛ رعنا بیگدلی

گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران

چکیده

ضربه قطرات باران یکی از عوامل مؤثر بر تخریب ساختمان خاک و فرسایش آبی است. اطلاعات کافی در مورد نقش این عامل در تولید رواناب و هدررفت خاک از شیارها به‌ویژه در خاک­های مناطق نیمه‌خشک موجود نیست. این پژوهش با هدف بررسی اثر ضربه قطرات باران بر تولید رواناب و هدررفت خاک از شیارها تحت شدت‌های مختلف باران در برخی خاک­های منطقه نیمه‌خشک در استان زنجان انجام شد. برای این منظور آزمایش در دو خاک با بافت مختلف ( لوم‌رسی و لوم‌شنی) تحت چهار شدت‌ بارندگی ( 30، 50، 72 و 83 میلی‌متر بر ساعت) در دو حالت بارندگی (تحت ضربه قطرات و حذف اثر ضربه قطرات باران) در فلوم فرسایشی تحت شیب 10 درصد انجام گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که تولید رواناب تحت تأثیر ضربه قطرات باران در خاک لوم‌رسی و لوم‌شنی به‌ترتیب 44 و 36 درصد افزایش یافت (01/0>p) و هدررفت خاک نیز در این دو خاک به‌ترتیب 52 و 62 درصد بیشتر از حالت بدون ضربه قطرات بود (01/0>p). تولید رواناب و هدررفت خاک بین دو حالت باران به شدت باران وابسته بود؛ به‌طوری‌‌که با افزایش شدت باران، نقش ضربه قطرات به ویژه در خاک لوم‌شنی تغییرات زیادی یافت. با افزایش شدت باران هدررفت خاک نسبت به تولید رواناب دچار کاهش بیشتری شد که این موضوع نشان‌دهنده مقاومت اندک خاکدانه‌ها به اثر ضربه قطرات باران در شدت‌های بارندگی بالا است. با توجه به ساختمان ناپایدار خاک‌های مناطق نیمه‌خشک، حفظ پوشش سطحی برای جلوگیری از تأثیر ضربه قطرات باران بر تولید رواناب و هدررفت خاک ضروری است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

بافت خاک؛ پوشش سطح؛ شدت باران؛ مقاومت خاکدانه؛ منطقه نیمه‌خشک

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