اثر بیوچار پسماند ‌تر شهری، پروبیوتیک و زئولیت بر بهبود عملکرد، ایمنی و کیفیت گوشت جوجه‌های گوشتی تحت تنش سرمایی

پژوهشهای علوم دامی ایران

مقاله 5، دوره 15، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 56، دی 1402، صفحه 529-545   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/ijasr.2023.81245.1130

نویسندگان

شکوفه حسنوند¹؛ علی خطیب جو^{* 1}؛ حسن شیرزادی¹؛ یحیی محمدی¹؛ محمد امیر کریمی ترشیزی²؛ درخشنده رحیمی³

¹گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران

²گروه علوم دامی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس تهران، تهران، ایران.

³بخش تحقیقات علوم دامی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان ایلام، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی،ایلام، ایران

چکیده

در این آزمایش، به‌منظور بررسی اثر بیوچار پسماند تر بر بهبود عملکرد و مورفولوژی روده جوجه‌های گوشتی تحت تنش سرمایی، 350 قطعه جوجه گوشتی راس-308 (مخلوط دو جنس با نسبت مساوی نر و ماده) در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی به هفت تیمار، پنج تکرار و 10 جوجه در هر تکرار اختصاص یافتند. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل: 1) جیره شاهد مثبت (دمای توصیه شده)، 2) جیره شاهد منفی (جیره پایه؛ تنش سرمایی)، 3 تا 7) به‌ترتیب جیره شاهد منفی + 5/0، 75/0 و یک درصد بیوچار پسماند ‌تر، 02/0% پروبیوتیک اکوباکتو- پی (Ecobacto-P) و یک درصد زئولیت بودند. در گروه تنش سرمایی، از ابتدای هفته دوم تا انتهای آزمایش (42 روزگی) دمای سالن به 17 درجه سانتی‌گراد کاهش داده شد. نسبت به گروه شاهد پرورش یافته در شرایط دمایی نرمال، تنش سرمایی منجر به کاهش خوراک مصرفی و کاهش افزایش وزن روزانه و افزایش تلفات کل و آسیتی شد. همچنین، سبب کاهش غلظت پروتئین کل، گلوبولین و آلبومین سرم خون و درصد لنفوسیت و افزایش شمار گلبول سفید خون، هموگلوبین، درصد هتروفیل و نسبت هتروفیل به لنفوسیت، عیار آنتی‌بادی علیه SRBC شد. تنش سرمایی وزن نسبی تیموس، pH گوشت ران و سینه، قرمزی گوشت سینه و زردی گوشت ران را کاهش و میزان روشنایی گوشت ران و سینه و غلظت مالون‌دی‌آلدهید گوشت سینه را افزایش داد (05/0 P<). با توجه به مقایسات گروهی بین گروه شاهد پرورش یافته در شرایط تنش سرمایی و گروه‌های دریافت‌کننده افزودنی‌ها، پروبیوتیک، بیوچار و زئولیت قادر به بهبود عملکرد رشد در کل دوره، کیفیت گوشت سینه و ران، غلظت متابولیت‌ها و شمار سلول‌های خونی نشدند و در شرایط این آزمایش نتوانستند اثرات منفی تنش سرمایی جبران کنند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

بیوچار؛ پاسخ ایمنی؛ پروبیوتیک؛ تنش سرمایی؛ جوجه گوشتی؛ عملکرد؛ کیفیت گوشت

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