تغییرات مکانی خطر فرسایش خاک در حوزه آبخیز بریموند استان کرمانشاه

آب و خاک

مقاله 7، دوره 37، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 89، مرداد و شهریور 1402، صفحه 443-456   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jsw.2023.80775.1247

نویسندگان

سیدحمیدرضا صادقی^{* 1}؛ مهین کله هوئی²؛ علی نوری³؛ نسترن نادری‎مرنگلو³؛ معصومه هواسی³؛ آراسته پای‌فشرده³؛ مهدی خیرپرست³؛ سحر مصطفایی‎یونجالی³؛ زینب پیروزنیا³؛ معصومه حمزه‎بی‎بالانی³

¹گروه مهندسی آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس

²دانشجوی دکتری علوم و مهندسی آبخیزداری دانشگاه تربیت مدرس

³دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس

چکیده

فرسایش خاک یکی از تهدیدهای مهم برای حفاظت از منابع آب‌وخاک به شمار می‌رود. حال آن‎که تاکنون مؤلفه‌های مختلف آن ازجمله تغییرات مکانی موردتوجه لازم قرار نگرفته است. هدف اصلی این پژوهش تعیین خطر فرسایش بالقوه و بالفعل حوزه آبخیز بریموند استان کرمانشاه با استفاده از مدل CORINE و در سامانه اطلاعات جغرافیایی بوده است. اطلاعات موردنیاز مربوط به عوامل اصلی فرسایش خاک شامل فرسایش‌پذیری و فرسایندگی خاک ازجمله شیب، پوشش گیاهی، عمق، بافت، درصد سنگریزه تهیه و در محیط ArcGIS تلفیق و طبقه‌بندی شد. درنهایت نقشه‌ پتانسیل فرسایش‌پذیری خاک به ترتیب از تلفیق نقشه‌های فرسایش‌پذیری، فرسایندگی و شیب تهیه شد. سپس نقشه فرسایش واقعی خاک از تلفیق نقشه‌ پتانسیل فرسایش‌پذیری خاک و پوشش گیاهی به دست آمد. مطابق نتایج مربوط به پراکنش پوشش گیاهی مختلف در منطقه، مجموع کاربری دیم و بایر با مساحت 48/65 درصد بیش‌ترین مساحت را به خود اختصاص داده است. علاوه بر آن، پوشش‌های مرتع و جنگل نیز با گستره سطحی 65/29 و 87/4 درصد، به ترتیب دومین و سومین مساحت از پوشش گیاهی در منطقه را داشتند. مطابق نقشه پتانسیل فرسایش‌پذیری خاک مشخص شد که به ترتیب حدود 57/65، 62/23 و 81/10 درصد از وسعت منطقه در محدوده پتانسیل فرسایش متوسط، کم ‌و زیاد قرارگرفته است. هم‌چنین فرسایش واقعی خاک به ترتیب 83/53، 53/15، 64/30 درصد در محدوده کم، متوسط و زیاد قرار دارد. بر همین اساس و در راستای مهار فرسایش و جلوگیری از اثرات منفی و توسعه آن در حوزه آبخیز بریموند، استفاده از اراضی متناسب با توانایی و استعداد آن‌ها، حفظ وضعیت پوشش فعلی و انجام طرح‌های مدیریتی باهدف احیا پوشش گیاهی پیشنهاد می­شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

استعداد اراضی؛ تخریب زمین؛ مدل‌های فرسایش؛ مدیریت پوشش گیاهی؛ نقشه فرسایش

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