مطالعه اثر ترکیب عصاره گیاه کرفس، L. (Apiaceae) Apium graveolens، با باکتریBacillus thuringiensis ، علیه بید سیب‌زمینی، Phthorimaea operculella (Lep.: Gelechiidae)

پژوهش های حفاظت گیاهان ایران

مقاله 2، دوره 37، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 62، دی 1402، صفحه 363-379   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jpp.2023.81209.1137

نویسندگان

داود محمدی^{* 1}؛ اکرم حاتمی²؛ ناصر عیوضیان کاری³؛ رضا فرشباف پورآباد⁴

¹گروه گیاه پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان، تبریز،ایران

²گروه گیاه پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

³گروه گیاه پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان، تبریز، ایران

⁴گروه گیاه پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران.

چکیده

بید سیب­زمینی، Phthorimaea operculella، یکی از آفات بسیار مهم سیب­زمینی است که سالانه خسارات اقتصادی زیادی را در انبار و مزرعه وارد می­کند. در این بررسی تأثیر تلفیق حشره­کش میکروبی Bt با عصاره­های هگزانی، اتیل­استاتی و متانولی گیاه کرفس، Apium graveolens، بر مرگ و میر و برخی پارامترهای زیستی این آفت مطالعه شده است. عصاره­گیری با روش خیساندن انجام گرفت. غلظت­های زیرکشنده عوامل مورد بررسی شامل LC₅₀، LC₃₀ و LC₁₀ به­صورت انفرادی و در تلفیق با یکدیگر به­صورت گوارشی مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. برگ­های هم­سن و هم­اندازه سیب­زمینی در هر کدام از تیمارها غوطه­ور شده و پس از خشک شدن در اختیار لاروهای سن اول بید سیب­زمینی قرار گرفت. اثرات کشندگی هر غلظت و تلفیق دو عامل در فواصل زمانی 48، 96 و 144 ساعت ثبت گردید. همچنین اثر مهارکنندگی عصاره­ها بر آنزیم­های آلفا-آمیلاز و پروتئاز لاروهای بید سیب­زمینی نیز مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که عصاره اتیل­استاتی کرفس در تلفیق با باکتری Bt اثرات سینرژیستی بر مرگ و میر لاروها داشت. تلفیق باکتری Bt با عصاره متانولی اثرات کشندگی کمتری نشان داد. همچنین مشخص گردید که تلفیق غلظت­های زیرکشنده عوامل مورد بررسی تأثیر معنی­داری بر طول دوره رشدی لاروی داشته و به­طور معنی­داری آن را افزایش دادند. همچنین درصد ظهور حشرات کامل به­شدت تحت تأثیر قرار گرفته و بخصوص در تلفیق غلظت­های LC₅₀ عصاره­ها و حشره­کش Bt، به شدت کاهش یافت. نتایج مطالعات آنزیمی نشان داد که عصاره اتیل­استاتی کرفس در غلظت 10درصد 77/37 درصد فعالیت آنزیم پروتئاز و 51/25 درصد فعالیت آنزیم آلفا-آمیلاز لاروهای بید سیب­زمینی را مهار کردند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

اثرات زیستی؛ اثر سینرژیستی؛ دوره رشدی لاروی؛ غلظت‌های زیرکشنده؛ مهار آنزیم

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